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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BIBLE AND ITS RECEPTION

Edited by
Hans-Josef Klauck, Bernard McGinn, Choon-Leong Seow, Hermann Spieckermann, Barry Dov Walfish, Eric Ziolkowski

in cooperation with
Dale Allison, Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, Donna Bowman, Brian Britt, Michael Cameron, Mordechai Z. Cohen, Joseph Davis, Jamey Deming, Martin Forward, Peter Gemeinhardt, Haim Goldfus, Ann E. Killebrew, David W. Kling, Volker Leppin, Paul Mendes-Flohr, Martti Nissinen, Dennis T. Olson, Nils Holger Petersen, S. Brent Plate, Christine Roy Yoder, Thomas Römer, Günter Stemberger, Marvin A. Sweeney, Johan C. Thom, David R. Thomas, Samuel Vollenweider, Jan G. van der Watt, Sidnie White Crawford

List of Keywords

A (Aleph) - Ainsworth, Henry l Aion (Deity) - Apostasy l Apostle - Azzur

Baal (Deity) - Beriah l Berio, Luciano - Byzantine Epoch

Cabbon - Christian Science l Christianity, Christendom - Cyrus

A (Aleph) - Ainsworth, Henry

A (Aleph) see Syrus Sinaiticus, Codex; Aleph

A (Alexandrinus) see Alexandrinus, Codex

Aaron

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Christianity
V. Islam
VI. Literature
VII. Visual Arts
VIII. Music

Aaron ben Elijah (c. 1328–1369)

Aaron ben Jeshua see Abu al-Faraj Harun Ibn al-Faraj (11th c.)

Aaron ben Joseph ha-Kohen Sargado (Gaon, 942–960)

Aaron ben Joseph ha-Rofe (c. 1250–1320)

Aaronites see Aaron. I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament; Aaron. II. Judaism; Priesthood; Levite

Aaron's Rod

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts

Abaddon see Netherworld

Abagtha

Abana

Abarbanel, Isaac ben Judah (1437–1508)

Abarbanel, Judah (ca. 1460 - after 1523)

Abarim

Abba

Abba Mari ben Eligdor (14th c.)

Abba Mari ben Moses of Lunel (c. 1300)

Abbahu, Rabbi

Abbasid Caliphate

Abbaye, Rabbi (ca. 278–338)

Abbot, Ezra (1819–84)

Abbreviations

Abda

Abdeel

Abdi

Abdias, Apostolic History of

Abdiel

Abdon (Person)

Abdon (Place)

Abduction see Kidnap, Kidnapping

Abecedary see Alphabet

Abeille, Pierre-César (ca. 1674–1733)

Abel

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Christianity
III. Visual Arts

Abel, Felix Marie (Louis Felix) (1878–1953)

Abelard (Abailard), Peter (1079–1142)

Abel-Beth-Maacah

Abel-Keramim

Abel-Maim see Abel-Beth-Maacah

Abel-Meholah

Abel-Mizraim see Atad

Abel-Shittim see Shittim (Place)

Abendmusik

Abez see Ebez (Place)

Abgar, Epistle of Christ to

I. Christianity
II. Islam
III.
Visual Arts

Abi

Abia see Abijah. 06. King of Judah

Abi-Albon

Abiasaph

Abiathar

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament

Abib

Abida

Abidan

Abiel

Abiezer, Abiezrite

Abigail (Sister of David)

Abigail (Wife of David)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts

Abigal see Abigail (Wife of David)

Abihail

Abihu see Nadab and Abihu

Abihud

Abijah

01.
02.
03.
04.
05. Son of Jeroboam I.
06. King of Judah
07.
08.
09.

Abijam see Abijah. 06. King of Judah

Abila

Abilene

Abimael

Abimelech

01. King of Gerar
02. Son of Gideon/Jerubbaal
03.

Abimelech (King of Gerar)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Abinadab

01. Father of Uzza and Ahio
02.
03.
04. Ben-Abinadab

Abiner see Abner

Abinoam

Abir see Divine Names and Epithets

Abiram

Abishag

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Literature

Abishai

Abishalom see Absalom (Son of David)

Abishua

Abishur

Abital

Abitub

Abiud

Abjuration Formula

I. In the Bible
II. Christianity
III. Islam

Ablutions

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament and Greco-Roman Antiquity
IV. Christianity
V. Islam

Abner

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Music

Abner of Burgos (Alfonso de Valladolid) (ca. 1270–1340)

Aboab, Isaac I (14th c.)

Aboab, Isaac II (15th c.)

Abodah Zarah see Adultery. III. Judaism; Idol, Idolatry

Abode of the Dead see Netherworld

Abomination

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Christianity
V. Literature

Abomination of Desolation see Abomination

Abortion

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity
V. Christianity
VI. Islam

Abot

Abot de-Rabbi Nathan

Aboulrabi, Aaron (15th c.)

Abrabanel see Abarbanel, Isaac ben Judah (1437–1508)

Abraham

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Christianity
V. Islam
VI. Other Religions and Current Religious Movements
VII. Literature
VIII. Visual Arts
IX. Music
X. Film

Abraham (Sura 14)

Abraham bar Hiyya (c. 1065/70–1136)

Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi (16th c.)

Abraham ben Isaac Ha-Levi (Tamakh) (d. 1393)

Abraham ben Mordechai Farissol (c. 1451–1525) see Farissol, Abraham ben Mordechai (c. 1451–1525)

Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (1186–1237)

Abraham ha-Kohen of Herrera (ca. 1570?-1635 or 1639)

Abraham Ibn Daud (c. 1110–1180)

Abraham Ibn Ezra (1092/93–1167) see Ibn Ezra, Abraham Ben Meir (1092/93–1167)

Abraham, Apocalypse of

Abraham, Testament of

Abraham's Bosom

I. Judaism
II. New Testament
III. Christianity
IV. Literature
V. Visual Arts
VI. Music

Abraham's Oak see Oak of Abraham

Abram see Abraham

Abravanel see Abarbanel, Isaac ben Judah (1437–1508)

Abrenuntiation

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament and Christianity

Abrogation of Scripture

I. Christianity
II. Judaism
III. Islam

Abron

Abronah

Absalom

01. Son of David
02.
03.

Absalom (Son of David)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts
V. Music

Absolution

I. New Testament
II. Christianity

Abstinence

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Christianity
V. Greco-Roman Antiquity
VI. Islam
VII. Other Religions

Abu al-Faraj Harun Ibn al-Faraj (11th c.)

Abu al-Faraj, Gregor see Abu al-Faraj Harun Ibn al-Faraj (11th c.)

Abu Et-Twein, Khirbet see Abu Tuwein, Khirbet

Abu Hawam, Tell

Abu Qurra, Theodore see Theodore Abu Qurra

Abu Ra'ita, Habib Ibn Khidma

Abu Tuwein, Khirbet

Abubus

Abulafia, Abraham ben Samuel (1240-after 1291)

Abyss, The see Netherworld

Abyssinia see Ethiopia (Place)

Acacia

Acacius of Caesarea

Acacius of Constantinople

Acacius of Melitene

Accad see Akkad

Accents, Masoretic see Masoretic Text

Acco

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament

Accuser see Satan

Aceldama see Akeldama

Acephalians

Achaemenid Dynasty see Persians

Achaia

01. Achaia in the Bible
02. Archaeology
03. History
04. Society
05. Religion
06. Culture and Arts
07. Achaia and the Bible

Achaicus

Achan

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Achaz see Ahaz (King of Judah)

Achbor

Acheiropoitoi/Acheiropaeic image

Acheron, Stream of see Netherworld; Hades, Hell

Achiacharus see Ahiqar, Book of

Achilles Tatius

Achim

Achior

Achish

Achor

Achsah

Achshaph

Achzib

Acra see Jerusalem

Acraba

Acre (measure) see Weights and Measures

Acre (Place) see Acco

Acrostic

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Greco-Roman World, New Testament, and Early Church
III. Judaism

Actium

Actor

Acts of Peter and Andrew see Andrew, Acts of

Acts of the Apostles see Luke-Acts, Book of

Acts, Apocryphal

Actus (in Music)

Adada

Adadah

Adah

Adaiah

Adalbert of Prague (c. 957–997)

Adalia

Adam (Person)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Christianity
V. Islam
VI. Other Religions
VII. Literature
VIII. Visual Arts
IX. Music

Adam (Place)

Adam, The Apocalypse of (NHC V,5)

Adam, The Testament of

Adam and Eve, Life of (Book)

Adam and Eve, Story of

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Christianity
IV. Islam
V. Literature
VI. Visual Arts
VII. Music
VIII. Film

Adam of St Victor (d. 1146)

Adamah

Adamant

Adamantius, Dialogue of

Adami-Nekeb

Adapa

Adar

Adasa

Adbeel

Addai see Thaddeus (Person)

Addan (Person)

Addan (Place)

Addar (Person)

Addar (Place)

Addax see Fauna, Biblical

Adder

Addi

Addon see Addan (Place)

Addus

Ader see Eder (Person). 02.

Ader, Khirbet

Adiaphorites

Adiel

Adin

Adina

Adithaim

Adlai

Adlgasser, Anton Cajetan (1729–1777)

Admah

Admatha

Admin

Adna

Adnah

Adonai see Lord. II. As (Divine) Title. I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament

Adoni-Bezek

Adonijah

01. Son of David
02.
03.

Adonikam

Adoniram

Adonis

Adoni-Zedek

Adoptianism

Adoption

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Greco-Roman Antiquity
IV. New Testament
V. Christianity
VI. Islam

Adoraim

Adoram see Adoniram

Adoration (general)

I. History of Religion
II. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. New Testament
IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity
V. Christianity
VI. Islam
VII. Literature
VIII. Visual Arts
IX. Music

Adrammelech (Deity)

Adrammelech (Person)

Adramyttium

Adria, Sea of

Adriel

Adso on Montier-en-Der

Aduel

Adulis

Adullam

Adultery

I. Ancient Near East
II. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity
V. New Testament
VI. Christianity
VII. Islam
VIII. Literature
IX. Visual Arts
X. Music

Adummim

Advent

I. Christianity
II. Music

Adversary see Satan

Advocate see Paraclete

Aegean Sea

Aelian

Aelred of Rievaulx (c. 1110–67)

Aeneas

Aenon

Aeon

I. Greco-Roman Antiquity
II. New Testament
III. Christianity
IV. Film

Aeschylus

Aesop

Aesora

Aesthetics and the Bible

Aethelwold, Bishop of Winchester (10th cent.)

Aetheria see Egeria (4th c. A.D.)

Afendopolo, Caleb ben Elijah (1464?-1525)

Affula, El-

Africa see Sub-Saharan Africa, Reception of the Bible in; North Africa; African Diaspora, Reception of the Bible in

African American Biblical Interpretation see African Diaspora, Reception of the Bible in

African Biblical Interpretation see Sub-Saharan Africa, Reception of the Bible in; North Africa

African Diaspora, Reception of the Bible in

a. Introduction
b. Exegesis and Theological Reception
c. Islam
d. Literature
e. Visual Arts
f. Music
g. Film

Africanus, Sextus Julius (c. 160–240) see Julius Africanus, Sextus (c. 160-c. 240)

Afterlife

I. Ancient Near East
II. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity
V. Christianity
VI. Islam
VII. Literature
VIII. Music
IX. Film

Afula see Affula, El-

Agabus

Agade see Akkad

Agag, Agagite

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Agape see Love

Agape Meal

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Visual Arts
IV. Music

Agate

Age see Aeon; Old Age

Agee

Ages of History, Ages of the World see Aeon

Aggadat Bereshit

Agia

Agnon, Samuel Josef (1888–1970)

Agnosticism see Atheism

Agnus Dei

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts
V. Music

Agobard of Lyon

Agon

I. Greco-Roman Antiquity
II. New Testament
III. Judaism

Agony see Gethsemane (Place); Martyr, Martyrdom

Agora

Agrapha

Agreement see Law; Covenant

Agricola, Johann (c. 1494–1566)

Agricola, Martin (1486–1556)

Agricola, Mikael (1509–1557)

Agricola, Rudolph (1444–1485)

Agriculture

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament

Agrippa

01. I
02. II

Agur

Ahab (King of Israel)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature

Ahab (Prophet)

Ahad Ha'am (1856–1927)

Aharah

Aharhel

Aharoni, Yohanan (1917–1976)

Ahasbai

Ahashtarites see Haahashtari (Person)

Ahasuerus

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts
V. Music

Ahasverus see Ahasuerus

Ahava

Ahaz (King of Judah)

Ahaz (Saulide)

Ahaziah

01. King of Israel
02. King of Judah

Ahban

Aher

Aher (Elisha ben Abuya) (2nd c.)

Ahi

Ahiah see Ahijah. 09.

Ahiam

Ahian

Ahiezer

Ahihud

Ahijah

01. of Shiloh
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Ahijah of Shiloh (Prophet)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Ahikam

Ahikar see Ahiqar, Book of

Ahilud

Ahimaaz

01.
02. Son of Zadok
03.

Ahiman

Ahimelech

01. (Father of Abiathar)
02. (The Hittite)
03. (Son of Abiathar)

Ahimoth

Ahinadab

Ahinoam

Ahio see Ahijah

Ahiqar, Book of

Ahira

Ahiram

Ahiram Inscription see Phoenician Inscriptions

Ahisamach

Ahishahar

Ahishar

Ahithophel

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Ahitub

Ahl al-Kitab see People of the Book

Ahlab

Ahlai

Ahlamu see Arameans

Ahmadiyya

Ahmar, Tell see Til Barsip

Ahoah

Ahohi, Ahohite

Ahriman see Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism

Ahumai

Ahura Mazda (Deity)

Ahuzzam

Ahuzzath

Ahzai

Aiah

Aiath see Ai

Aija see Aiah

Aijalon

Ailey, Alvin (1931–1989)

Ailred of Rievaulx (c. 1110–67) see Aelred of Rievaulx (c. 1110–67)

Ain

Ain Karim see Ein Kerem

Ainsworth, Henry (1571–1622)

A (Aleph) - Ainsworth, Henry l Aion (Deity) - Apostasy l Apostle - Azzur

Baal (Deity) - Beriah l Berio, Luciano - Byzantine Epoch

Cabbon - Christian Science l Christianity, Christendom - Cyrus