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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BIBLE AND ITS RECEPTION

Edited by
Hans-Josef Klauck, Bernard McGinn, Choon-Leong Seow, Hermann Spieckermann, Barry Dov Walfish, Eric Ziolkowski

in cooperation with
Dale Allison, Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, Donna Bowman, Brian Britt, Michael Cameron, Mordechai Z. Cohen, Joseph Davis, Jamey Deming, Martin Forward, Peter Gemeinhardt, Haim Goldfus, Ann E. Killebrew, David W. Kling, Volker Leppin, Paul Mendes-Flohr, Martti Nissinen, Dennis T. Olson, Nils Holger Petersen, S. Brent Plate, Christine Roy Yoder, Thomas Römer, Günter Stemberger, Marvin A. Sweeney, Johan C. Thom, David R. Thomas, Samuel Vollenweider, Jan G. van der Watt, Sidnie White Crawford

List of Keywords

A (Aleph) - Ainsworth, Henry l Aion (Deity) - Apostasy l Apostle - Azzur

Baal (Deity) - Beriah l Berio, Luciano - Byzantine Epoch

Cabbon - Christian Science l Christianity, Christendom - Cyrus

Baal (Deity) - Beriah

Baal (Deity)

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Christianity
IV. Literature
V. Visual Arts

Baal (King of Tyre)

Baal (Person)

Baal (Place)

Baal of Peor see Baal-Peor

Baalah

Baalath

Baalath-Beer

Baalbek

Baal-Berith (Deity)

Baale-Judah see Kiriath-Jearim (Place)

Baal-Gad

Baal-Hamon

Baal-Hanan

Baal-Hazor

Baal-Hermon

Baalim see Baal (Deity)

Baalis

Baal-Judah

Baal-Meon

Baal-Peor

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Baal-Perazim

Baalsamus see Maaseiah (Person)

Baal-Shalishah

Baal-Shamayn see Baal-Shamem

Baal-Shamem

Baal-Shem-Tov

Baal-Tamar

Baal-Zaphon

Baal-Zebub, Baal-Zebul (Deity) see Beelzebub, Beelzebul

Baana

Baanah

Baara

Baaseiah

Baasha (King of Israel)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Bab Edh-Dhra

Babel

Babel, Tower of

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Christianity
IV. Literature
V. Visual Arts
VI. Film

Babel-Bibel-Streit

Baboon see Ape

Baby see Infant, Infancy; Child, Children

Babylon (City)

I. Archaeology
II. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. Judaism
IV. New Testament
V. Christianity
VI. Literature
VII. Visual Arts
VIII. Film

Babylonia

01. Babylonia in the Bible
02. Archaeology, Geography and Climate
03. History
04. Literature
05. Society, Culture and Religion
06. Babylonia and the Bible
07. Image of Babylonia in Judaism

Babylonian (Language) see Akkadian (Language)

Babylonian Empire see Empire; Babylonia. 03. History; Four Empires

Babylonian Judaism, Reception of the Bible in

Babylonian Sibyl see Sibyl and Sibylline Oracles

Babylonian Talmud see Talmud

Baca, Valley of

Bacchides

Bacchus see Dionysus (Deity)

Bacenor

Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714–1788)

Bach, Johann Christian (1735–1782)

Bach, Johann Christoph Friedrich (1732–1795)

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685–1750)

Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann (1710–1784)

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)

Bacon, Francis (1909–1992)

Bacon, Roger (c. 1213–1292)

Badè, William Frederic

Badger see Fauna, Biblical

Badia, Carlo Agostino (1672–1738)

Badings, Henk (1907–1987)

Baean

Baeck, Leo (1873–1956)

Bäck, Sven-Erik (1919–1994)

Bag

Bagatti, Bellarmino

Baggesen, Jens (1764–1826)

Bagoas

Bagpipe see Music and Musical Instruments

Baha'i, Reception of the Bible in

Baharum see Bahurim

Bahira

Bahurim

Bahya ben Asher (13th c.)

Bahya Ibn Paquda (12th c.)

Bait Aliya see Jerusalem

Baiterus

Bakbakkar

Bakbuk

Bakbukiah

Baker's Street

Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1895–1975)

Baking

Bala(h), Deir Er- see Deir El-Balah

Balaam

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Christianity
V. Literature
VI. Visual Arts

Baladan

Balah

Balak

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Balamon

Balances

Balanchine, Georges (1904–1983)

Balbaim

Bald Locust see Locust

Balde, Jacobus (1604–1668)

Baldness

Baldung Grien, Hans (1484/85–1545)

Baldwin, James (1924–1987)

Ball

Ballad

Balm

Balsam see Balm

Balthasar, Hans Urs von (1905–1988)

Bamah see High Place

Bamoth see Bamoth-Baal; High Place

Bamoth-Baal

Ban, Banishment (Herem)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism

Band

Bandage

Banditry

Bands, Magic

Bangles see Jewelry, Ancient Israelite

Bani

Banias

Banking see Trade and Commerce; Interest and Usury in the Greco-Roman Period

Bannas

Banner

Banning (Sura 66)

Banquet

I. Ancient Near East II.
Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. Greco-Roman Antiquity
IV. New Testament

Banqueting Hall/House

Banu Isra'il see Israel, People of

Banu Isra'il (Sura 17) see Children of Israel, The (Sura 17)

Baptism

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Judaism
IV. Literature
V. Visual Arts
VI. Film

Baptism of Jesus

I. New Testament
II. Visual Arts

Baptist, John the see John the Baptist

Baptisteries

Baptists

Baq'Ah Valley (Jordan)

Baqara see Golden Calf

Bar see Rod; Son of God; Family

Bar Hebraeus (c. 1225–1286)

Bar Kokhba

Bar Kosiba see Bar Kokhba

Bar Mitzvah

Bar Salibi, Dionysius ( -1171)

Barabbas

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts

Barachel

Barad

Baraita

Baraita de-melekhet ha-mishkan

Baraita of 32 Rules

Barak

Baramki, Dimitri Constantine

Baraq see Lightning

Barbarian

Barbelo-Gnostics

Barber

Barcelona, Disputation of

Barclay, William (1907–1978)

Bardaisan of Edessa

Bardesanites

I. Christianity
II. Islam

Bariah

Bar-Jesus

Bar-Jona see Peter (Person)

Barkos

Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Barmen, The Theological Declaration of

Barn

Barnabas

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Islam
IV. Literature

Barnabas, Acts of

Barnabas, Epistle of

Barnabas, Gospel of

I. Christianity
II. Islam

Barodis

Baroque

I. Visual Arts
II. Music

Barr, James (1924–2006)

Barrabas see Barabbas

Bar-Rakib see Aramaic Inscriptions; Rechabites, History of

Barrenness

I. In the Ancient Near East and the Bible
II. Judaism
III. Christianity
IV. Reception History

Barsabbas

01. Joseph (Justus)
02. Judas

Bartacus

Barth, Jakob (1851–1914)

Barth, Karl (1886–1968)

Bartholomew

I. New Testament and Early Christianity
II. Christianity
III. Visual Arts

Bartholomew the Apostle, Book of the Resurrection of Christ by

Bartholomew, Acts of

Bartholomew, Apocalypse of

Bartholomew, Gospel (Questions) of

Bartimaeus

Bartolommeo della Porta, Fra (1472–1517)

Baruch

01. ben Neriah
02.
03.
04.

Baruch ben Neriah

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Christianity
IV. Reception History

Baruch Writings

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and Ancient Judaism
II. Christianity
III. Visual Arts

Baruch, Fourth Book of see Paraleipomena Ieremiou

Barzakh see Purgatory

Barzilai

Barzillai

Basemath

Bashan

Bashan-Havoth-Jair see Bashan ; Havvoth-Jair (Place)

Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379)

Basilica

Basilides

Basilides, Gospel of

Basilidian(s)

Basin

Baskama

Basket

Baskin, Leonard (1922–2000)

Basmath see Basemath

Bassin, Pjotr (Basin, Petr Vasil'evic) (1793–1877)

Bassus

Bastard

Bastet

Bastion see Fortifications (Levant)

Bat

Bat Qol see Auditions, Auditory Experiences

Batashi, Tell El-

Batashi, Tuleilat El-

Bath-Rabbim

Baths, Bathing

Bathsheba

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament and Early Christianity
IV. Literature
V. Visual Arts
VI. Film

Bathshua

Battering Ram see Weaponry

Battle see War, Methods of

Battlement see Fortification

Baudissin, Wolf Wilhelm Friedrich, Graf von (1847–1926)

Bauer, Bruno (1809–1882)

Bauer, Georg Lorenz (1755–1806)

Bauer, Walter (1877–1960)

Baumgartner, Walter (1887–1970)

Baur, Ferdinand Christian (1792–1860)

Bavvai

Bawdlerization see Euphemism and Dysphemism in the Bible

Bay Tree

Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706)

Bayt al-Maqdis see Jerusalem

Bayt Iliya' see Jerusalem

Bazaar see Trade and Commerce

Bazlith

Bazluth see Bazlith

Bdellium see Perfumes and Spices

Beach

Beads, Beadwork see Jewelry, Ancient Israelite

Bealiah

Bealoth

Beam see Plank

Beans

Bear

Beard

Beare, Francis Wright (1902–1986)

Beast

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Christianity
V. Islam
VI. Literature
VII. Visual Arts
VIII. Film

Beating see Scourging

Beatitudes

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Greco-Roman Antiquity
IV. New Testament
V. Christianity
VI. Literature
VII. Music
VIII. Film

Beatty, Chester (Papyri) see Chester Beatty Papyri

Beautiful Gate

Beauty

I. Ancient Near East
II. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
III. Judaism
IV. Greco-Roman Antiquity
V. New Testament
VI. Christianity
VII. Film

Bebai (Person)

Bebai (Place)

Becher

Beck, Johann Tobias (1804–1878)

Becker, Cornelius (1561–1604)

Beckett, Samuel (1906–1989)

Beckmann, Max

Becorath

Bectileth

Bed

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Visual Arts

Bedad

Bedan

Bede (c. 673–735)

Bedeiah

Bedersi, Abraham b. Isaac

Bedersi, Yedayah b. Abraham see Yedayah

Bedouins see Midian, Midianites; Pastoral Nomadism; Amalek, Amalekite; Patriarchs

Bee

Bee, The Book of the

Beeliada

Beelzebub, Beelzebul

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Christianity
IV. Judaism
V. Visual Arts

Beer (Drink)

Beer (Place)

Beera

Beerah

Beer-Elim

Beer-Hofmann, Richard (1866–1945)

Beeri

Beer-Lahai-Roi

Beeroth

Beeroth Bene-Jaakan

Beer-Resisim

Beer-Sheba

I. In the Bible
II. Archaeology
III. Images of Beer-Sheba in Judaism
IV. Reception History

Beersheba, Tel see Beer-Sheba

Beeshterah

Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827)

Beggar, Begging

I. New Testament
II. Judaism
III. Christianity

Beginning and End see Alpha and Omega

Begrich, Joachim (1900–1945)

Beheading see Punishment; Capital Punishment

Behemoth

I. Bible, Judaism, and Christianity
II. Literature

Behistun see Bisitun

Beirut

Beit Mirsim, Tell

Beit Ras

Beitin, Tell see Bethel (Place). 01.

Beiyudat, Khirbet El-

Beka see Weights and Measures

Bekhor Shor, Joseph Ben Isaac of Orleans (12th cent.)

Bel (Deity) see Marduk (Deity); Baal (Deity)

Bel and the Dragon see Daniel, Additions to

Bela (Person)

Bela (Place)

Belchira see Isaiah, Martyrdom and Ascension of

Belial, Beliar

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. New Testament
III. Judaism

Belief, Believers

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Judaism

Believer, The (Sura 40)

Believers, The (Sura 23)

Bell, Bells

Bellarmine, Roberto Francesco Romolo (1542–1621)

Bellini, Giovanni (ca. 1430–1516)

Bellini, Vincenzo (1801–1835)

Bellow, Saul (1915–2005)

Bellows

Belmain

Belnuus see Binnui

Beloved Disciple see Disciple, Discipleship; John (Disciple)

Belshazzar

I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. Literature
IV. Visual Arts
V. Music
VI. Film

Belt

Belteshazzar

Beltethmus

Beltu (Deity)

Belvoir

Bemidbar Rabba (NumR)

Ben Sira, Alphabet of see Alphabet of Ben Sira

Ben Sira, Wisdom of see Wisdom of Ben Sira

Ben Yehuda, Eliezer (1858–1922)

Ben Zeev, Yehuda Leib (1764–1811)

Ben-Abinadab

Benaiah

01. (Commander of David)
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
-12.

Ben-Ammi

Ben-Asher Codex

Ben-Asher, Aaron Ben Moses (10th c.)

Ben-Chorin, Schalom (1913–1999)

Bendavid, Lazarus (1762–1832)

Ben-Deker

Ben-Dosa, Hanina see Hanina Ben-Dosa (1st c. C.E.)

Bene Qedem see East, People of the

Bene-Berak

Benedicamus domino

Benedict of Nursia (ca. 480–550)

I. General
II. Music

Benediction see Blessing

Benedictus

I. New Testament
II. Christianity
III. Music

Benefactor

I. Greco-Roman Antiquity
II. New Testament

Bene-Jaakan

Beneventan Chant see Chant. I. Music. 03. Beneventan

Ben-Geber

Bengel, Johann Albrecht (1687–1752)

Ben-Gurion, David (1886–1973)

Ben-Hadad

Ben-Hail

Ben-Hanan

Ben-Hesed

Ben-Hinnom, Valley of see Hinnom Valley (Place)

Ben-Hur

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Film

Beninu

Benjamin (Son of Jacob)

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament
IV. Christianity
V. Literature
VI. Visual Arts

Benjamin Gate

Benjamin of Cambridge (12th-13th c.)

Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)

Benjaminite

I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
II. Judaism
III. New Testament

Ben-Meir, Aaron (10th c.)

Benn, Bencjon (1905–1989)

Benn, Gottfried (1886–1956)

Ben-Naphtali, Moses Ben David (10th cent.)

Bennett, Sir William Sterndale (1816–1875)

Beno

Benoit, Pierre Maurice (1906–1987)

Ben-Oni

Bentley, Richard (1662–1742)

Bentzen, Aage (1894–1953)

Benveniste, Sheshet

Ben-Zoheth

Beon

Beor

Beowulf

Bera

Berab, Jacob

Beracah

Beracah, Valley of

Beraiah

Berakhah, Berakhot see Blessing. III. Judaism; Blessing

Berakhot, Horvat

Béraud, Jean (1849–1935)

Berdichevsky, Michah Joseph (1865–1921)

Berdugo, Raphael ben Mordecai (1747–1821)

Berea see Beroea

Berechiah

Berechiah ha-Nakdan

Bered (Person)

Bered (Place)

Berengar of Tours (c. 999–1088)

Berenice see Bernice

Bereshit Rabbah (GenR)

Berg, Alban (1885–1935)

Bergman, Ingmar (1918–2007)

Bergsträsser, Gotthelf (1886–1933)

Beri

Beriah

A (Aleph) - Ainsworth, Henry l Aion (Deity) - Apostasy l Apostle - Azzur

Baal (Deity) - Beriah l Berio, Luciano - Byzantine Epoch

Cabbon - Christian Science l Christianity, Christendom - Cyrus