Self-efficacy is conceptually analyzed using the framework developed by Walker and Avant (2005). Defining attributes, antecedents and consequences of self-efficacy are identified and applied in model, borderline and related and contrary cases. Although self-efficacy has been incorporated into the work of many professions, minimal research has been conducted using this concept in clinical nursing education. By gaining a more thorough understanding of self-efficacy in relation to student learning, nurse educators and researchers can use self-efficacy in curricular planning to improve clinical nursing education.