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3. Innovations in biological applications with machine learning

From the book Predictive Intelligence in Biomedical and Health Informatics

  • Shweta Paliwal , Vishal Bharti and Siddharth Singh

Abstract

After successful flourishing growth in the fields of speech recognition and computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI) has marked its presence in the biological domain. From pathology and diagnosis to epidemiology covering the entire range of drug discovery and genetic sequence analysis, AI is becoming one of the astonishing frontiers in the biological world. Huge amount of data generated through Human Genome Project has created a rich domain of biological research using AI. AI came into existence in 1950s and is defined as simulation by machines of human intelligence process. Novel approaches of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have made it possible to predict the protein structure and to perform simulation of biological systems. Nowadays, medicines are designed in accordance with the health profile of patient giving rise to personalized medicines and thereafter it can be said that ML is governing the field of personalized medicines by prescribing effective treatment for patients. AI is no more limited only to medicine but has successfully emerged in fields of molecular biology, neuroscience and radiology. Today, in the modeling of the brain functions, electromyography is applied for the analysis of the neuropsychological data with the help of ML and DL techniques that are faster and cheaper when compared with the existing technique of X-ray crystallography. The ultimate motive is to train AI against multiple diseases in order to obtain potential diagnosis. This chapter describes how ML has changed the aspects of molecular biology along with the advent of AI in the pharmaceutical industry. It will also be focusing on diagnosis of diseases using ML and prediction of protein structures through DL. Thus, we can say that AI with its approaches is storming the world along with the revolution in the ways biological research is performed, hence, paving ways for innovations in biotechnology.

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston
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