Summary
The aim of this paper is to describe the submeanings of the prefix za- in its perfectivising function in Polish. The semantic meaning of this prefix deserves a reassessment given its high productivity in new, often colloquial verbal derivatives. In such derivatives, e. g. zagłosować ‘vote’, zawalczyć ‘struggle’ or zapozować ‘pose’, as well as in many other older verbs, the meaning of za- seems to be distinctly different from the traditionally assumed meanings: ingressive, allative, hiding, covering or damaging (a discussion of previous analyses of za- is presented in Section 2). This article proposes a new meaning of Polish za-: the segmentative meaning (see Section 3.4). The object of this analysis is za- in purely aspectual pairs of verbs consisting of an unprefixed imperfective (ipf.) and a perfective (pf.) with za- (for the definition of a purely aspectual pair of verbs and some modifications for motion verbs, see Sections 1 and 3.5). The paper is not concerned with Aktionsart meanings expressed by the prefix za- in lexical derivations from a simplex ipf. verb in which a pf. verb is paired with another derived imperfective. Such pairs of pf. and impf. verbs in za- are considered only as a background for the analysis of za- as a pure perfectiviser.
Note
This research work was conducted as part of the project “The Development of the Polish Aspect System in the Last 250 Years against the Background of Neighbouring Languages” funded by the German Research Foundation and the Polish National Science Center (project number 2016/23/G/HS2/00922).
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