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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter Mouton August 3, 2019

Peer responses to self-disclosures in group counseling

  • Aija Logren

    Aija Logren received her master’s degree in social psychology from the Tampere University and is currently a doctoral researcher. Her research interests include social interaction in group counseling: How groups work and through what kind of practices groups may have influence on their members. She has published on group members’ questions and self-reflective talk in group counseling. Address for correspondence: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland. Email: Aija.Logren@tuni.fi

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    , Johanna Ruusuvuori

    Johanna Ruusuvuori is Professor of Social Psychology at the Tampere University. Her research interests include social interaction in institutional settings, such as healthcare, working life, and lifestyle counseling, work-life participation, and emotion in interaction. She has published in journals such as Research on Language and Social Interaction, Social Psychology Quarterly, Journal of Pragmatics, and Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, on practices equivalent or close to counseling, empathy and participation in healthcare consultations. Address for correspondence: Faculty of Social Sciences, 33014 Tampere University, Finland. Email: Johanna.Ruusuvuori@tuni.fi

    and Jaana Laitinen

    Jaana Laitinen is an Adjunct Professor in Nutrition and in Public Health at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. She specializes in intervention studies aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and work ability. Additionally, she has examined the development of unhealthy behaviors in an epidemiological prospective study of Northern Finland 1966 and 1986 cohorts. Email: Jaana.Laitinen@ttl.fi

From the journal Text & Talk

Abstract

Drawing on conversation analysis, this study examines how peers respond to each other’s self-disclosures in group counseling interaction. Responses that display sharing and recognition of the experience normalize the experience and build an alliance among group members. This way, responses bring about social support. In addition, responses can offer a different perspective on the views presented in self-disclosures. The responses endorse or challenge the claims that are made and the stance taken in the initial self-disclosure, and link the personal, individual experience to general axioms. The implicit ways of responding to a self-disclosure allow a person to participate in a conversation about intimate and potentially delicate topics without revealing private details. Through self-disclosures and responses to them, participants talk into being the ideals of health counseling and healthy lifestyle: What kind of activities are considered eligible and attainable. The relation of these practices to the institutional goal is intricate. It builds on, first, the stance taken in the self-disclosure toward the institutional goal and the sociocultural values pertaining to it, and second, the responses’ alignment with that stance and what kind of values and ideals it further evokes.

About the authors

Aija Logren

Aija Logren received her master’s degree in social psychology from the Tampere University and is currently a doctoral researcher. Her research interests include social interaction in group counseling: How groups work and through what kind of practices groups may have influence on their members. She has published on group members’ questions and self-reflective talk in group counseling. Address for correspondence: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland. Email: Aija.Logren@tuni.fi

Johanna Ruusuvuori

Johanna Ruusuvuori is Professor of Social Psychology at the Tampere University. Her research interests include social interaction in institutional settings, such as healthcare, working life, and lifestyle counseling, work-life participation, and emotion in interaction. She has published in journals such as Research on Language and Social Interaction, Social Psychology Quarterly, Journal of Pragmatics, and Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, on practices equivalent or close to counseling, empathy and participation in healthcare consultations. Address for correspondence: Faculty of Social Sciences, 33014 Tampere University, Finland. Email: Johanna.Ruusuvuori@tuni.fi

Jaana Laitinen

Jaana Laitinen is an Adjunct Professor in Nutrition and in Public Health at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. She specializes in intervention studies aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and work ability. Additionally, she has examined the development of unhealthy behaviors in an epidemiological prospective study of Northern Finland 1966 and 1986 cohorts. Email: Jaana.Laitinen@ttl.fi

Appendix A: Transcription symbols

[word]Onset and offset of overlapping talk
=Contiguous utterances: second is latched immediately onto the first
(0.2)Timed interval within or between utterances, measured in seconds and tenths of seconds
(.)Interval of less than 0.2 seconds
wo:rdExtension of the sound or syllable
.Falling intonation
,Continuing intonation
?Rising intonation
-Abrupt cut-off
↑↓Rising/falling pitch
wordEmphasis
WORDLouder volume
°word°Quieter volume
>word<Faster-paced talk than the surrounding talk
<word>Slower-paced talk than the surrounding talk
#word#Creaky voice
£word£Smiley voice
@word@Animated voice
hhAudible aspiration
.hhAudible inhalation
w(h)ordLaughter
hah heh huhLaughter
(word) ( )Transcriber doubt
((word))Transcriber’s comments
Feature of interest

Appendix B: The original Finnish excerpts, with translations and interlinear gloss

Excerpt 1a:

Stating having had a similar experience (Group 5/Session IV)

1MERJA:mutta>eimullemuodostu<siiheettä:ikinä.=
butnome+fordevelopthat+tothatnever
but >I will not develop< to that that never.=
2NUTR:[ehheh
3MERJA:[senmääkyllätiiän.
thatIyesknow
[that I know for sure.
4=koskaseonihanteeskentelyä.
becauseitisreallypretense
=because it’s really pretense.
5=määoon↑aina,
Ihavealways
=I have always,
6NUTR:[ni
yes
[yes
7MERJA:[=sillonkumääolinh-#oo#hoikkaihminenen,
whenIwasslimpersonnot+I
[=when I was a s- #o o# slim person I haven’t,
8.hhh>nioon<↑ainakäyny,
soIhavealwayswent
.hhh >so I have< always been,
9(.)liikkumassa<vainlaihtumisentakia.>
exerciseonlyweightloss+forsake
(.)exercising <only for the sake of weight loss.>
10(.)ENkoskaansentakiaettä
noteverthatsakethat
(.) NOT ever for the sake that
11onpaihanaliikkua
is+CLIlovelymove+to
isn’t it lovely to move
12=tuleepahyväolo=höpöhöpö,
becomes+CLIgoodfeelingnonsense
=doesn’t it feel good=nonsense,
13.hhainavaanmiettinyet
alwaysonlythoughtthat
.hh always just been thinking that
14#kuinkapaljonmäätässälaihun#
howmuchIherelose+weight
#how much I lose weight here#
15=ainoastaanmustaon↑kiva
onlyI+findisnice
=only I find it nice
16>↑tietenkijotaiuiajanäi
of+coursesomethingto+swimandso+on
>of course something like swimming and so on
17[mutta<eiseooollu.h
butnoithasbeen
[but< it hasn’t been .h
18NUTR:[mm-m
19MERJA:että>seETTÄHETI
thatitthatimmediately
that>itTHATIMMEDIATELY
20jos<seki[alkaa
ifit+toostarts
if< it[starts to
21SOFIA:[>emmääkääo<koskaa
not+me+eitherhavenever
[>I have never< either
22mistäänliikunnast[a
anyphysical+activity+of
any physical active[ity
23MERJA:[nii,[etemmäniinko,
yeah,thatnot+Ierm
[yeah,[that I don’t erm,
24SOFIA:[himo-himoinnu.
[desi- desired.
25MERJA:onmustakivapelatajasemmosta
isI+findniceplay+toandlike+that
I find it’s nice to play and things like that

Excerpt 1b: Telling about a similar experience (reciprocal self-disclosure) (Group 9/Session III)

1PETE:meilläon,kaverinkanssatuota,
wehavebuddywitherm
we have, with my buddy erm,
2(.)meiänasiakkaitayksniin,(1.0)vuosia,
ourclients+ofonesoyears+for
(.) who is one of our clients so, (1.0) for years,
3touhuttukaikenlaistayhteen
dabbled+weall+kindstogether
we’ve been dabbling in all kinds of things together
4=>nimeilonjoka<tiistai.
sowehaveeveryTuesday
=>so we have every< Tuesday.
5(.)mekäyäänkävelemässä,
wegowalking
(.) we go for a walk,
6.mhhsemmonentunteroinen.
aroundhour+ish
.mhh for around an hour or so.
7(.)
8PETE:.mthja,
and
.mth and,
9seon>ainkuse<kaverionniin,
itisalwayswhenthatbuddyisso
it is >always when there< is this buddy so,
10niinkunytkitiistaina
likenow+tooTuesday+on
like for example now on Tuesday
11nii>kumpikisanoettä<(0.4)
sobothsaidthat
>both of us said that< (0.4)
12enoislähtenyjosetoissoittanu.
not+Iwouldleaveifnot+youwouldcall
I wouldn’t have gone out had you not called me.
13(0.4)
14PETE:ettäsiis,
sothen
so then,
15=seonkuitenkise.hhhhprosentuaalisesti
itiseventuallythatpercentually
=it is eventually that .hhhh measured in percents
16£jompikump(h)in(h)yto(h)hh
one+orthe+othernowis
£one or the othe(h)r is n(h)ow h h
17vähälähössä£ettäsesillonvie
a+littleon+the+gosothatthenbrings
a little bit about to go£ so that one then brings
18sentoisenmukanasit[tensitte,
thatotherwiththenthen
along the other one [then then,
19NUTR:[nii-i.
[that’s right.
20PETE:siihe=>siitäonsitte<semäärättyrytmi
there that+ofisthenthatparticularrhythm
there= there is then that particular rhythm
21jasiitäainapuhutaanja.hh
andit+ofalwaysdiscussed+isand
and it is always discussed about and .hh
22sitonsuunniteltutoistakiiltaa
thenhasplanned+beenanother+tooevening
then we have also planned for another evening too
23muttase#on#,(0.2)#vähä,
butthatislittle,
(but that #is#,(0.2) #little,
24seonjov-seonjovähäliikaa#.
itisalreadyl-itisalreadylittletoo+much
it is already l- it is already a little too much#
25[m heh heh[(°toista°)
another+of
[m heh heh [(°another°)
26NUTR:[hh hm heh .hhmutta[ykskionhyvä[alotus.
butone+evenisgoodstart
[hh hm heh .hh but [one is a good [start.
27PETE:[y-ykson
[o- one is
28hyväalakujoo.
goodstartyeah
a good start yeah.
29NUTR:nii
yeah
30PETE:[(tietenki.)]
[(of course.) ]
31OSKU:→[(kylsetuola)]
yesitthere
[(it was indeed there)]
32.mh(meil)Paikkakunnalla,
our+atTown+at
.mh (at our place) at Town,
33pelattiinsulukapalloa.((KatsooPeteen))
played+webadminton
we played badminton. ((Looks at Pete))
34PETE:m [mm
35OSKU:→[oli,neljäsälliä.
wasfourdudes
[there were four dudes.
36PETE:.joo
.yeah
37OSKU:→siinonse,lähtö,prosentti.
thereisthat,starting,percent
there is that, percentage, of participation.
38=eiviittiollalähtemätt(h)ä=
not0+daresbegoing+not
=one dares not to particip(h)ate=
39PETE:=nii,nii[seon
yeah, so [it is
40OSKU:→[ainajokusoittaaettä
alwayssomeonecallsthat
[there’s always someone who calls that
41[nytollaan.]
noware+we
[now we are.]
42PETE:[niin,nii.]
[yes, yeah. ]

Excerpt 2: Completing the self-disclosing turn (Group 5/Session IV)

1=.hhkoskasitä,
becausethat
=.hh because that,
2määainakioonsemmonen
Iat+leastamthat+kind+of
I at least am the kind of person
3s- syvemminsitte,=määhyvinnäppärästniinku
d- deeperthenIveryingeniouslylike
d- deeper then,= I am very ingenious at
4itteäni↓tosiaanpet-[petän.
myselfreallyfoo-[fool.
fooling myself ↓re- re[ally.
5SOFIA:[mm-m?
6MERJA:.mm
7(.)
8MERJA:→.mtniijameneehyvinsinne,(0.2)viiteen,
niiandgoeswelltherefive
.tch right and it goes well until, (0.2) five,
9[kuuteenastijasitteal]kaa
[sixuntilandthenbe]gins
[six o’clock and then it be]gins
10TIINA:[↑just,ihankiva:sti.]
[ exactlyquitenicely.]
[exactly, quite ni:cely. ]
11MERJA:ai::[van
a rea:[lly
12TIINA:[niih.
[yeah.
13MERJA:älytön[lo]sahus.=
massive[sl]ump.=
14TIINA:[h ]
15TIINA:=etsitvoisoikeestikat[too
sothen0+couldreallylo[ok
=so then one could really lo[ok at
16MERJA:[joo
[yea
17TIINA:senettä@nä:i:n[kau:he:sti.@=
itthatlike+this[awfully.
it that @this is ho:w[mu:ch.@=
Excerpt 3a:

Presenting interpretation through assessment (Group 2, Session IV)

1PEKKA:[mulonstressimaha]
Ihavestress+belly
[I have a stress belly
2HILLA:[eimu-eimutsiistos]takeskivartalolihavuuesta
nobu-nobutsothatabdominal+obesity
[no bu- no but so about that abdominal obesity
3koskasiis,määoonainaollu,ylipainonen?
becausethenIhavealwaysbeenoverweight
because since, I have always been, overweight?
4(.)oikeestaankokoaikuisenikäni.(.)
actuallywholeadultlife+of+mine
(.) actually throughout my adult life.(.)
5mutviimisenkolmenvuojenaikana
butlastthreeyearsduring
but during the last three years
6mullaontullumaha.
Ihaveemergedbelly
I have gained a belly.
7=siihenastimulolivaanisotakapuolijareijet
thatuntilIhadonlybigbottomandthighs
=until then I only had a big bottom and thighs
8=paksutreidet.
=thickthighs.
9(.).h vaikkapainoonsuunnilleensama.
even+thoughweightisaboutsame
(.) .h even though the weight is about the same.
10(3.0)
11TAIJA:joo>seonaika<jännä
yeahitisquiteexciting
yeah >it is quite< curious
12vaiknoinpaljonpyöräilet.
even+thoughyouthatmuchbike
even though you bike that much.
10=luulisettäeiois<vatsaa>ollenkaa.
0+would+thinkthatnoisbellyat+all
=one would think there would be no belly at all.
11HILLA:=hmm-m.
Excerpt 3b:

Asking a question (Group 2/Session IV)

1PEKKA:mullao,muutenkinytteolluettäo-
Ihaveotherwise+toonowhadthato-
I have, also otherwise now had that I-
2(0.2)↑°o-°sitteopetellu-(.)
thenpracticed
(0.2)↑°I-° then I have practiced-(.)
3syömääeväitäettä
eatsnacksthat
to eat snacks that
4määhänoonsyönysillai
I+after+allhave+beeneatingsuch+way
after all I have been eating in such way
5ettämääenoooikeestaansyöny?
thatInothave+beenreallyeating
that I have not really been eating?
6(.)
7ANNA:.nii
.yeah
8PEKKA:työpäivänaikanah.(0.2)niiettäseonollu,
workdayduringsothatithasbeen
during the workday h. (0.2) so it has been,
9tuntunu#hankalaltajaseeväitten#teko
felttediousandthatsnackspreparation
felt #tedious and preparing# the snacks
10ontuntunuaina↑hankalaltaettä,
hasfeltalwaystediousso
has always felt tedious so,
11nytmääoonkyllätässävälissäjokapäivä
nowIhavereallyherebetween+ineveryday
now I have really every day between the meetings
12syönye(h)väät.
eatensnacks
I have had s(h)nacks.
13.thh(.)senmallinmukk(h)aa.
thatmodelaccording+to
.thh (.) according to that model.
14ANNA:mm.
15(1.0)
16PEKKA:ettäihan.
soreally.
17ANNA:→onkoolluparempiolo.
hasbeenbetterfeeling.
have you been feeling better.
18(1.2)
19PEKKA:iteasiassa:?hvaikeasanoakuonolluniin
actuallyhardsaybecausehasbeensuch
actually:? h hard to say ‘cos the times have been
20erikoisetajat°kansettä°.
peculiarstimesalsothat
so peculiar °that°.
21(2.0)
22PEKKA:#ettuota,ei#voioikeenverrata.
thatermno0+canreallycompare.
#that erm, one# cannot really compare.
23ANNA:°.joo °
°.yeah°
Excerpt 4a:

Telling about a different experience (disaffiliative self-disclosure) (Group 5/Session IV)

1=mut↑siltienmissäänimessäjaksas
butstillInotanyname+inmanage+would
=but still I would never manage it
2ettämunpitäs
thatIshould
3=mämeen,.hhtyöpäivänpäällekotii
Igo,workdayon+tophome+to
=I go, .hh home after a day at work
4etmäälähtisin<jonnekkijumpp.haan.>
thatIgo+wouldsomewheregym+to
so that I would go to <some gym.h.>
5ELLA:[mm.
6MERJA:[siisseoisaivan↑kauhee,
thusitbe+wouldtotallyawful
[I mean it would be a totallyawful,
7SOFIA:[mm
8MERJA:[ajatusjarasittava.=
[thoughtandtedious.=
[idea and a tedious one.=
9SOFIA:=.nii=
=.right=
10TIINA:→=muttaensaa-seleviäsitä.
=butIdon’tget-copeit+of
=but I can’t- don’t cope with it.
11(.)
12TIINA:→josenmee.
ifIdon’tgo.
13MERJA:joo.
yeah.
14ELLA:mu[llakiontullusemmonen
I+[have+toohascomethat+kind
I’[ve got that sort of thing too
15TIINA:[seonsitsekeino.
thatisthenthatway.
[that is then the way.
16XXXX:[mm
17ELLA:eton[pakkonytpää:stä.=
thatis[necessitynowbe+allowed+to+go
that I [need to get the:re now.=
18TIINA:[nii,mm.
[yea,mm.
19ELLA:→=>vaikkatuntu<väliläettä[taas
even+thoughfeltsometimesthat[again
=>even though it felt< sometimes that [again
20XXXX:[mm
21ELLA:→=muttasittekö↑sinne↑lähteeseonniinku,
butthen+whenthereleavesitislike
=but then when one ↑goes ↑there it is like,
22TIINA:mm.
23MERJA:joomääenkomullamenee[tuntimatkaa
yeaIdon’t‘cosI+havetakeshourtravel+of
yea I don’t ‘cos it takes [an hour for me
24ELLA:[mm
25MERJA:työmatkaanniimust[tuntuu
work+travel+tosoIfeel
to go to work so I [feel
26ELLA:[mm
27MERJA.etoonniinkuai:van[kuollu.=
thatIamliketotallydead.=
that I am like tota:lly [dead.=
Excerpt 4b:

Presenting differing claim as general knowledge (Group 5/Session IV)

1(.)
2MERJA:niiniinenuskoettä
sosoIdon’tbelievethat
I mean I don’t think that
3[mulletuleesem[mon-
me+forcomeslthat+ki-
[I will get the[kin-
4TIINA:[joo[mm
[yeah[mm
5MERJA:semmonenettä↓no↓pittääpäästä
that+kindthatwellmustget+to+go
the kind thatwellI’d have an urge to go
6>mustaoishienoo<sanoomukamutta,
I+findbe+wouldgreatsayas+ifbut
>I think it’d be great< to say as if but,
7(.)
8SOFIA:MMm?
9MERJA:seonvaan
itisjust
it is just
10(se[kuettä)pitTÄÄlaihtua.
that’costhat0+has+tolose+weight
(the [thing that) one HAS to lose weight.
10ELLA:[kylläsiihenkitottuu.
yesthat+too0+get+used+to
[one does get used to that as well.
11=emmääkääkoskaaomikkäänliikkujamut
me+neitherneverhaveanysporty+personbut
=I have never been a sporty person either but
12MERJA:[nii
[yeah
13ELLA:[kyllänytoikeestituntuu
yesnowreallyfeels
[it really feels now indeed
14ettäihankivalähteäja,
thatquitenicego+toand
that it’s quite nice to go and,

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Published Online: 2019-08-03
Published in Print: 2019-09-25

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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