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Open Access
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    • Publish Your Open Access Content
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      • Professional Practice (6,421)
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    • Open Section Design (4,203)
      • Designers (2,550)
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        • Transportation, Logistics, Air Traffic, Shipping (2,228)
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      • Management, Organization, Corporate Governance (8,960)
      • Marketing, Sales, Customer Relations (3,292)
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  • Open Section Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies (118,249)
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      • Papyrology (2,968)
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  • Open Section Computer Sciences (24,670)
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    • Operating Systems (440)
    • Programming and Languages (3,198)
    • Project Management (1,020)
    • Software Development (1,148)
    • Theoretical Computer Sciences (4,356)
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      • Gender Theory (17)
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      • Media Theory (119)
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      • Semiotics (70)
      • Theories of Society (89)
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      • General Genre and Media Studies (998)
      • Music (135)
      • Other Genres and Media (67)
      • Visual Arts, Photography (190)
    • History of Cultural Studies (121)
    • Open Section Media Studies (1,234)
      • Media Aesthetics (298)
      • Media History (132)
      • Media Theory (941)
    • Open Section Topics in Cultural Studies (11,098)
      • Aging Studies (79)
      • Emotions (320)
      • Gender (7,655)
      • Human-Animal Studies (89)
      • Media (611)
      • Memory (798)
      • Other Topics (560)
      • Popular Culture (164)
      • Postcolonial Studies (132)
      • Religion (345)
      • Society (856)
  • Open Section Engineering (90,408)
    • Open Section Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering (1,127)
      • BioMEMS (1)
      • Biomaterials (176)
      • Biomechanics (24)
      • Biomedical Electronics (398)
      • Bionanotechnology (152)
      • Biotechnology (87)
      • Medical Devices (39)
      • Medical Imaging and Radiology (45)
      • Medical Robotics and Surgery (14)
      • Nanomedicine (245)
    • Open Section Civil Engineering (989)
      • Energy Engineering (46)
      • Environmental Engineering (899)
      • Materials (442)
      • Soil Engineering (15)
    • Open Section Electrical Engineering (41,074)
      • Automation (9,172)
      • Circuits (405)
      • Control Engineering, Metrology and Testing (18,293)
      • Electronics (2,238)
      • Energy Engineering (4,986)
      • Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (11,021)
      • Information Technology (934)
      • Microtechnologies (49)
      • Robotics (159)
      • Sensor Technology (549)
      • Signal Processing (4,254)
    • Open Section Introductions and Overviews (38,561)
      • Basics and Tools (1,547)
      • Engineering, other (36,289)
      • History of Engineering (775)
    • Open Section Mechanical Engineering (23,128)
      • Aeronautics & Astronautics (69)
      • Energy Engineering (926)
      • Fluid mechanics (226)
      • Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering (3,518)
      • Materials Engineering (7,839)
      • Mechanics (1,987)
      • Mechatronics and Automotive (1,557)
      • Process Engineering and Industrial Engineering (2,172)
      • Production Technology (6,320)
      • Safety (12)
      • Thermodynamics (2,159)
      • Tools and Methods (1,372)
  • General Interest (175,278)
  • Open Section Geosciences (34,049)
    • Atmospheric Science and Climatology (2,791)
    • Cartography and Photogrammetry (925)
    • Geodesy (2,009)
    • Geography (12,165)
    • Geology and Mineralogy (4,703)
    • Geophysics (8,181)
    • Geosciences, other (8,772)
    • Remote Sensing (96)
  • Open Section History (453,762)
    • Open Section Historical Periods (163,441)
      • Ancient History (42,623)
      • Byzantine Studies (6,880)
      • Open Section Contemporary History since 1945 (6,064)
        • Cold War (630)
        • East and West Germany (3,591)
        • Other Topics (2,167)
      • Open Section Contemporary History until 1945 (21,122)
        • Nazi Germany (957)
        • Other Topics (20,018)
        • Weimar Republic (203)
        • World War I (355)
        • World War II (295)
      • Early Modern History (20,681)
      • Epoch-spanning History (532)
      • Germanic History (3,511)
      • Medieval History (26,347)
      • Modern History (41,856)
      • Pre-History (2,467)
    • Miscellaneous (157,915)
    • Open Section Regional and National History (91,917)
      • Africa (3,388)
      • Arab World (13,743)
      • Asia-Pacific (19,453)
      • Austria (894)
      • Open Section Europe (46,059)
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        • Eastern Europe (3,608)
        • General European History (37,085)
        • Northern Europe (250)
        • South Eastern Europe (592)
        • Southern Europe (1,021)
        • Western Europe (3,780)
      • Open Section Germany (9,431)
        • Bavaria (514)
        • Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia (2,431)
        • General German History (6,560)
      • Latin America (305)
      • Open Section North America (824)
        • United States of America (824)
    • Open Section Theories, Methods, and Auxiliary Sciences (373)
      • Open Section Auxiliary Sciences of History (27)
        • Diplomatic (27)
      • Methods (126)
      • Theory (220)
    • Open Section Topics in History (128,821)
      • Colonial and Postcolonial History (429)
      • Constitutional and Legal History (5,580)
      • Cultural History (26,823)
      • Digital History (216)
      • Economic History (7,103)
      • Environmental History (190)
      • Exile History (1,091)
      • Gender History (310)
      • Global History (69,979)
      • History of Knowledge (1,791)
      • History of Religions (1,893)
      • History of Science (4,806)
      • Open Section Jewish History (4,946)
        • Antisemitism (734)
        • Diaspora (176)
        • German-Jewish History (2,119)
        • Holocaust (1,163)
        • Israel and Palestine (450)
        • Jewish History and Culture (945)
        • Jewish Thought (536)
        • Zionism (354)
      • Labour History (637)
      • Migration History (342)
      • Military History (3,272)
      • Political Ideologies and Ideas (1,628)
      • Public History (339)
      • Social History (2,635)
      • Topics in History, other (228)
  • Open Section Industrial Chemistry (45,502)
    • Agrochemicals (44)
    • Biochemical Engineering (109)
    • Biotechnology (1,315)
    • Business and Management (162)
    • Catalysis (3,698)
    • Cellulose, Paper and Textiles (9,005)
    • Chemical Engineering (15,272)
    • Detergenzien (1,296)
    • Energy Harvesting and Conversion (946)
    • Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnics (303)
    • Food Science and Technology (3,177)
    • Green and Sustainable Technology (4,330)
    • Industrial Chemistry, other (4,679)
    • Paints, Pigments, Coatings and Dyes (571)
    • Petrochemistry and Fuels (25)
    • Pharmaceuticals (248)
    • Plant Design (577)
    • Polymer Science and Technology (9,891)
    • Process Engineering (8,276)
    • Safety and Risk Management (258)
    • Substances and Products (3,577)
  • Open Section Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies (16,259)
    • Ancient Middle East (1,371)
    • Art and Architecture (121)
    • Business and Economy (613)
    • Culture and Society (854)
    • History (2,756)
    • Interreligious Studies (109)
    • Introductions and Overviews (7,801)
    • Language and Literature (823)
    • Law (303)
    • Philosophy (471)
    • Politics (133)
    • Quran (681)
    • Religious Groups (268)
    • Religious Life (321)
    • Text and Exegesis (310)
    • Theology (670)
  • Open Section Jewish Studies (18,426)
    • Open Section Jewish Culture (520)
      • Jewish Art (78)
      • Jewish Culture, other (441)
      • Jewish Music (1)
    • Open Section Jewish History (12,824)
      • Antisemitism (727)
      • Diaspora (393)
      • General Jewish History (8,170)
      • German-Jewish History (2,026)
      • Holocaust (950)
      • Israel and Palestine (459)
      • Jewish Thought (895)
      • Zionism (315)
    • Open Section Jewish Languages (262)
      • Aramaic (25)
      • Hebrew (90)
      • Judeo-Arabic (23)
      • Ladino, Judeo-Spanish (21)
      • Other Jewish Languages (89)
      • Yiddish, Judeo-German (14)
    • Open Section Jewish Literature (2,328)
      • Early Jewish Literature (398)
      • Jewish Literature, general (290)
      • Modern Jewish Literature (1,077)
      • Reception of Jewish Texts (563)
    • Open Section Judaism (4,402)
      • Hellenistic-Roman Era (1,427)
      • Middle Ages and Early Modern Times (762)
      • Modern Times (813)
      • Overviews and Introductions (715)
      • Rabbinic Judaism (862)
  • Open Section Law (255,282)
    • Open Section Commercial Law (47,011)
      • Business Law (11,070)
      • Commercial Law, other (26,339)
      • Consumer Protection (1,256)
      • Copyright and Media Law, Publishing Law (985)
      • Corporate Law (5,761)
      • Private Insurance Law (863)
      • Securities Law (6,704)
    • Open Section Commercial Legal Protection (1,227)
      • Commercial Legal Protection, other (77)
      • Competition and Antitrust Law (1,020)
      • Patent, Trademark and Design Law (155)
    • Open Section Criminal Law (28,888)
      • Criminal Law, other (23,223)
      • Criminal Procedure Law (1,766)
      • Criminology (2,059)
      • Penalty Law (1,735)
      • Substantive Criminal Law (2,408)
    • Open Section European Law (719)
      • European Commercial Law (45)
      • European Law, other (655)
      • European Sales Law (19)
    • Open Section German Civil Code (27,301)
      • Family Law (751)
      • General Part (193)
      • German Civil Code, other (24,642)
      • Inheritance Law (190)
      • Law of Obligations (1,187)
      • Property Law (615)
    • History, Philosophy and Sociology of Law (33,064)
    • Open Section International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law (16,297)
      • Comparative Law (1,864)
      • International Law and Foreign Law (6,260)
      • International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law, other (9,258)
      • Private International Law (1,019)
      • Public International Law (814)
    • Open Section Labor Law (4,985)
      • Collective Labor Law (177)
      • Individual Labor Law (184)
      • Labor Law, other (4,679)
    • Open Section Law of Civil Procedure, Voluntary Jurisdiction (14,443)
      • Civil Procedure Law (1,280)
      • Enforcement Proceedings, Compulsory Sale Law (97)
      • Fees and Costs, Attorney and Notary Public Regulation (368)
      • Insolvency Law (6,409)
      • Law of Civil Procedure, Voluntary Jurisdiction, other (6,293)
      • Voluntary Jurisdiction, Real Property Registration Law (214)
    • Law, other (97,437)
    • Open Section Public Law (13,221)
      • Constitutional Jurisdiction, Administrative Procedural Law (862)
      • Constitutional Law (3,625)
      • Ecclesiastical Law (1,941)
      • Energy Law (85)
      • General Administrative Law (1,309)
      • Health Law (53)
      • Procurement Law (18)
      • Public Construction Law, Road and Water Legislation (29)
      • Public Law, other (4,697)
      • Special Administrative Law (1,451)
      • Tax and Accounting Law (903)
      • Traffic Law (295)
    • Open Section Social Law (646)
      • Social Law, other (628)
      • Substantive Social Law, Social Administrative Procedure Law (18)
  • Open Section Library and Information Science, Book Studies (56,347)
    • Archives and Museums (2,130)
    • Book History (820)
    • Information Science (2,201)
    • Libraries and Library Science (32,601)
    • Library and Information Science, other (12,118)
    • Media and Press (5,232)
    • Preservation and Restoration (463)
    • Publishing and Book Trade (5,225)
  • Open Section Life Sciences (139,504)
    • Anatomy and Physiology (609)
    • Anthropology (546)
    • Behavioral Biology (16)
    • Biochemistry (58,305)
    • Bioinformatics (641)
    • Biophysics (238)
    • Biotechnology (20,235)
    • Cell Biology (103)
    • Developmental Biology (135)
    • Ecology (26,748)
    • Evolutionary Biology (4,419)
    • Genetics (1,274)
    • Human Biology (25,094)
    • Life Sciences, other (56,893)
    • Microbiology and Virology (2,270)
    • Molecular Biology (33,427)
    • Neurobiology (4,481)
    • Plant Science (16,325)
    • Zoology (24,819)
  • Open Section Linguistics and Semiotics (272,329)
    • Open Section Applied Linguistics (36,620)
      • Applied Linguistics, other (11,177)
      • Forensic Linguistics (38)
      • Language Assessment and Testing (261)
      • Language Policy and Planning (1,910)
      • Language Teaching and Learning (10,121)
      • Lexicography (4,522)
      • Quantitative, Computational, and Corpus Linguistics (8,072)
      • Translation Studies (3,506)
      • Writing Systems and Orthography (1,447)
    • Open Section Germanic Languages (44,199)
      • English (14,710)
      • German (28,641)
      • Germanic Languages, general (49)
      • Germanic Languages, other (3,283)
      • Scandinavian (12)
    • Open Section Languages of Africa (746)
      • African Languages, other (728)
      • Bantu Languages (35)
    • Open Section Languages of Asia (2,322)
      • Asian Languages, other (361)
      • Japonic Languages (682)
      • Open Section Semitic Languages (455)
        • Arabic (127)
        • Hebrew (41)
        • Semitic Languages, other (318)
      • Open Section Sino-Tibetan Languages (905)
        • Chinese (843)
        • Sino-Tibetan Languages, other (83)
    • Open Section Languages of Australia (194)
      • Australian Languages, other (80)
      • Non Pama–Nyungan Languages (37)
      • Pama–Nyungan Languages (113)
    • Open Section Languages of the Americas (146)
      • Languages of the Americas, other (146)
    • Open Section Languages of the Pacific Islands (439)
      • Austronesian Languages (227)
      • Languages of the Pacific Islands, other (23)
      • Papuan Languages (189)
    • Open Section Levels of Linguistic Analysis (34,055)
      • Discourse (1,921)
      • Interfaces (236)
      • Morphology (4,978)
      • Phonetics (3,399)
      • Phonology (3,710)
      • Pragmatics (9,599)
      • Semantics (7,779)
      • Syntax (9,449)
    • Open Section Other Languages of Europe (17,721)
      • Classical Languages, other (468)
      • European Languages, other (10,376)
      • Greek (183)
      • Latin (1,073)
      • Slavic Languages (6,047)
    • Pidgins and Creoles (55)
    • Open Section Romance Languages (27,811)
      • French (3,649)
      • Italian (3,031)
      • Portuguese (2,127)
      • Romance Languages, general (840)
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