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## Abstract

The spatial lag model (SLM) has been widely studied in the literature for spatialised data modeling in various disciplines such as geography, economics, demography, regional sciences, etc. This is an extension of the classical linear model that takes into account the proximity of spatial units in modeling. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian estimation of the functional spatial lag (FSLM) model. The Bayesian MCMC technique is used as a method of estimation for the parameters of the model. A simulation study is conducted in order to compare the results of the Bayesian functional spatial lag model with the functional spatial lag model and the functional linear model. As an illustration, the proposed Bayesian functional spatial lag model is used to establish a relationship between the unemployment rate and the curves of illiteracy rate observed in the 45 departments of Senegal.

## Abstract

This paper empirically investigates the dynamics between budget deficit and government debt in the U.S. using two different measures of the budget deficit: the current budget deficit and cyclically-adjusted budget deficit. A threshold Vector autoregression (VAR) model is estimated to explore the dynamics in different regimes using quarterly data from 1947:Q1 to 2017:Q3. The specification test rejects a linear VAR model against the threshold VAR. When we use the current budget deficit, regime 1 resemble governments prioritize minimizing budget deficit and debt, whereas, regime 2 resemble otherwise. When we use the cyclically adjusted budget deficit, regime 1 resemble economic expansions, whereas, regime 2 resemble recessions. The impulse responses show evidence of asymmetry and counter-cyclicality. The impulse responses also indicate that an increase in the debt dictate the government’s response towards minimizing the budget deficit and tend to prioritize budget deficit less when the economy expands.

## Abstract

This paper studies how an introduction of paid parental leave (PPL) affects maternal labor market outcomes in the short run. Using a reform in Australia, the PPL scheme, that gave the primary caregiver of a child born or adopted on or after January 1 2011, \$672.70 a week for a maximum of 18 weeks, this paper develops theoretical predictions of the effect of PPL on maternal labor market outcomes, and tests these predictions using confidential data from the Australian Pregnancy and Employment Transitions Survey. The theoretical results imply that after the introduction of PPL, hours of work in the pre-birth period should decrease for mothers who will qualify for PPL, and increase for mothers who are attempting to qualify for PPL. Post birth, the theoretical results imply that more mothers are out of work and on leave than would have been in the absence of PPL. The empirical results suggest that the PPL scheme had no significant effect on labor market outcomes pre birth or post birth.

## Abstract

This article sheds new light on the portability of human capital. We estimate the returns to source country experiences, viz., general, occupation-specific, and task-specific experiences, using data from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), conducted in 2003. While the “returns to general experience” has been discussed in the literature, we are not aware of any previous attempt to estimate the returns to source country occupation-specific and task-specific experiences. Our estimates show that even though the returns to source country general experience is negligible, returns to source country occupation-specific experience is economically and statistically significant. We also find that returns to source country abstract (specifically analytical) task-specific experience is substantial and significant. Our results are robust to inclusion of source country wage, which may reflect unobservable characteristics that influence wages. We explore whether returns to work experience vary by income level in the source country or by an immigrant’s skill level.

## Abstract

For r ∈ (1, 2], the authors establish sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions for a class of boundary value problem for rth order Caputo-Hadamard fractional differential inclusions satisfying nonlinear integral conditions. Both cases of convex and nonconvex valued right hand sides are considered.

## Abstract

In this paper, we show the existence of solutions for the nonlinear elliptic equations of the form

${-div a(x,u,∇u)=f,u∈W01Lϕ(Ω)∩L∞(Ω),$

where $a(x,s,ξ)⋅ξ≥ϕ¯x-1(ϕ(x,h(|s|)))ϕ(x,|ξ|)$ and h : ℝ+→]0, 1] is a continuous decreasing function with unbounded primitive. The second term f belongs to LN(Ω) or to Lm(Ω), with $m=rNr+1$ for some r > 0 and φ is a Musielak function satisfying the Δ2-condition.