A new room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) consisting of a polyoxometalate (POM) anion and tri-block copolymer (P123)-functionalized imidazolium cation was synthesized and utilized as a halogen-free catalyst for esterification. The catalytic system was a homogeneous solution at the beginning of the reaction, but an emulsion formed during the course of the reaction, and a progressive phase separation of the catalyst occurred at 0 °C over the course of 3 h. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform/infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) have been used to characterize the properties of the IL during the reaction. The new IL catalyst was found to be highly efficient in the esterification of various alcohols and can be recycled at least seven times.
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