Abstract
The transition between the light and dark areas of the luminous intensity distribution of a headlamp needs to fulfil statutory regulations. For projection headlamps, adjusting the transition is done by adding a scattering structure to the lens surface. The requirements for the transition are pointed out, and typical problems are presented. A procedure to create such scattering structures in computer-aided design is shown. Improvements to the controls of turning machines for manufacturing are discussed. A reverse engineering process using a high-precision cylindrical coordinate measuring instrument with an optical probe for quality assurance is presented.
Funding source: BMBF
Award Identifier / Grant number: 02P14A100ff
Funding statement: D. Zimmermann would like to thank Anke Dettmar for the many useful comments and Piet Risthaus for all the fruitful discussions about microstructures. This research and development project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the ‘Innovations for Tomorrow’s Production, Services, and Work’ program (Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, funding number 02P14A100ff) and implemented by the Project Management Agency Karlsruhe (PTKA). The authors are responsible for the content of this publication.
About the authors
Dennis Zimmermann studied Physics at TU Dortmund University and wrote his master thesis on accelerator physics at the Zentrum für Synchrotronstrahlung. Since 2016 he has been working as doctoral student at HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA, Lippstadt, Germany. His research focuses on the calculation of optical surfaces, light technical simulation and quality assurance of automotive plastic lenses.
Andreas Beutler studied Physics at the Universities of Bremen and Hamburg, Germany. He wrote his doctoral thesis on Surface Physics at Lunds University/MAXlab, Sweden. Since 1999, he has developed measuring instruments and performs research at Mahr GmbH, Göttingen, Germany. He is responsible for advanced technology developments and research projects. His emphasis is on profilometry, optical sensors, and metrology for optics production.
Simon Freutel studied Physics at the University of Duisburg-Essen and wrote his diploma thesis on plasma physics at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. Afterwards he moved back to the University Duisburg-Essen and wrote his doctoral thesis on solid state physics. Since 2011 he been working in the field of optics for Innolite GmbH in Aachen. He is responsible for the software development department at Innolite and develops new control systems for ultraprecision turning machines.
References
[1] Economic Commission for Europe. ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2007/77 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
[2] U.S. Department of Transportation. FMVSS 108 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
[3] Industrie 4.0 – Innovationen für die Produktion von morgen. Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (2017).Search in Google Scholar
[4] L. Piegl and W. Tiller, in The NURBS Book, 2nd ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996).10.1007/978-3-642-97385-7Search in Google Scholar
[5] R. L. Rhorer and C. J. Evans, in ‘Handbook of Optics’, Ed. By M.Bass (McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1995) Chap. 41, pp. 1–13.Search in Google Scholar
[6] M. Brozio, D. Sensen, C. Wenzel, S. Freutel and C. Brecher, Proc. SPIE. 10544, 10544–10544–6 (2018).Search in Google Scholar
[7] A. Beutler, Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop. 4, 024011 (2016).10.1088/2051-672X/4/2/024011Search in Google Scholar
[8] A. Beutler, in ‘Classical Optics 2014’ (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, USA, 2014) OTu4A.1. doi: 10.1364/OFT.2014.OTu4A.1. url: http://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFT-2014-OTu4A.1.Search in Google Scholar
[9] A. Beutler, Opt. Eng. 55, 071206 (2016).10.1117/1.OE.55.7.071206Search in Google Scholar
[10] Y. Kineri, M. Wang, H. Lin and T. Maekawa, Comput. Aided Des. 44, 697–708 (2012).10.1016/j.cad.2012.02.011Search in Google Scholar
[11] S. Hu and J. Wallner, Comput. Aided Geom. D 22, 251–260 (2005).10.1016/j.cagd.2004.12.001Search in Google Scholar
[12] United Nations. Regulation No. 123: Uniform provisions concerning the approval of adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS) for motor vehicles. (2013).Search in Google Scholar
©2019 THOSS Media & De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston
