Abstract
We present a fast and robust optically pumped magnetometer that is based on a feedback-controlled spin ensemble of cesium atoms in spin-polarized vapor. The table-top system is intended for operation in unshielded environment, and its design allows conversion into a handheld sensor head. Under strongly disturbed environmental conditions in the laboratory, the sensor exhibits a speed of more than 56 kHz, while having a slew rate of 39 mT/s and a full dynamic range of 10 – 120 μT. Under these conditions a sensitivity of 33
About the authors
Victor Lebedev was born in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1979 and graduated with the MS degree in physics from the St. Petersburg State University in 2002. He studied physics and received the PhD degree from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland in 2011. In 2018 he joined Optical Magnetometry group at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. His research interests are focused on application of atomic spin probes in quantum solids, cold, and hot gases to magneto-optical investigations of collision processes and precision measurements of magnetic fields.
Stefan Hartwig was born in Berlin, Germany in 1968. He studied applied physics and medical engineering at the Beuth University of applied sciences, Berlin, Germany and received the Dipl.-Ing. (FH) in 1994 and the M.Eng. in 2006. In 2011 he received his PhD degree in Biomedical Engineering from Technical University Ilmenau. Since 1996 he has been a staff member of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany, where he has been working in the fields of biomagnetism, magnetic nanoparticles, ultra-low field NMR, and optical magnetometry
Thomas Middelmann was born in Berlin, Germany in 1979. He studied physics at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany and the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Netherlands. He received the Diploma in physics in 2007 and the PhD degree from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 2013. Since 2008 he has been a staff member of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, and later Berlin, Germany, where he has worked in the fields of quantum optics, interferometry and (bio-)magnetic measurements. Since 2019 he has been leading the “Optical Magnetometry” group at PTB in Berlin.
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
Appendix A. Explicit form of Ω ( ϕ )
Physical phase-frequency relation resulting from Eq. (4) takes form:
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