Abstract
Ornithodoros brodyi and Ornithodoros yumatensis are two species distributed in the Americas and associated with bats and caves. Both species have similar morphology, and the diagnostic traits of adults have not been detailed or illustrated accurately. In this study, the independence of both species is validated on the basis of molecular evidence (using partial sequences of 16S rDNA gene), and the morphological differences between them (dentition of the hypostome and traits of individual mammillae) are confirmed through light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition to the above characteristics, we observed other traits that may serve to differentiate both species: dorsal setae are short and thick in O. yumatensis and are thin and moderate in size in O. brodyi. We also observed a conspicuous hood in O. brodyi, which was absent in O. yumatensis. Another characteristic observed is a line of setae, near the end of Tarsi II-IV, which in O. brodyi is formed by less than five setae and in O. yumatensis by more than five. The main morphological difference between larvae of the 2 species is the number of ventral setae [9 (4 circumanal pairs) in O. brodyi and 8 (3 circumanal pairs) in O. yumatensis]. The genetic divergence in 16S rDNA sequences between these two species ranges from 9.7 to 10.6%.
Acknowledgments
We thank Laura Del Castillo Martínez for her assistance in mounting process; Silvia Espinosa Matias for preparing the scanning electron micrographs; Laura Márquez for processing samples for sequencing; Anabel Bieler Antolin for editing our photomicrographs and SEM images; Lorenza Beati for the loan of specimens from the USNTC and for allowing the use of collection facilities; Livia León Paniagua for hosts identification; Griselda Montiel-Parra, Gerardo Contreras, Josue López; Ali Lira, Martin Cabrera, Luis Darci Verde for field assistance during our biospeleological expeditions; Gerardo Rivas for statistical advice. This study was supported by the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (PAPIIT-UNAM No. IN214114). This manuscript was edited for proper English language by American Journal Experts editors (certificate 896F-44F5-47C5-D61C-701C).
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