Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter July 3, 2023

Nudging Pro-social Behavior in a Market Experiment with Carbon Offsets

  • David McEvoy EMAIL logo , Todd L. Cherry and Tanga M. Mohr

Abstract

This study uses controlled experiments to analyze the effectiveness of peer-comparison nudges to promote pro-social behavior. Participants make decisions as consumers in a simple posted-offer market (i.e. buyers are price takers) in which reducing consumption produces positive externalities through the purchase of carbon offsets. We analyze the effectiveness of the nudge under two common pricing schemes (ratepaying and non-ratepaying customers), and examine heterogeneous impacts depending on consumers’ concern about climate change and cultural worldviews. Our findings show that on average peer-comparison nudges are equally effective policy tools in both pricing environments. However, the nudges are only effective for those participants concerned about climate change, and for those with individualist or hierarchical worldviews.


Corresponding author: David McEvoy, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, 3108 Peacock Hall, 28608, Boone, NC, USA, E-mail:

Funding source: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Acknowledgements

We thank the Energy and Environment Program at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for generously funding this research, and we thank an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments and suggestions.

References

Allcott, H. 2011. “Social Norms and Energy Conservation.” Journal of Public Economics 95 (9–10): 1082–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.03.003.Search in Google Scholar

Andor, M. A., A. Gerster, J. Peters, and C. M. Schmidt. 2020. “Social Norms and Energy Conservation beyond the US.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 103: 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102351.Search in Google Scholar

Buckley, P. 2020. “Prices, Information and Nudges for Residential Electricity Conservation: A Meta-Analysis.” Ecological Economics 172: 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106635.Search in Google Scholar

Carlsson, F., C. Gravert, O. Johansson-Stenman, and V. Kurz. 2021. “The Use of Green Nudges as an Environmental Policy Instrument.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 15 (2): 216–37, https://doi.org/10.1086/715524.Search in Google Scholar

Cherry, T. L., S. Kallbekken, S. Kroll, and D. McEvoy. 2013. “Cooperation in and Out of Markets: An Experimental Comparison of Public Good Games and Markets with Externalities.” Economics Letters 120 (1): 93–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.034.Search in Google Scholar

Crago, C. L., J. M. Spraggon, and E. Hunter. 2020. “Motivating Non-ratepaying Households with Feedback and Social Nudges: A Cautionary Tale.” Energy Policy 145: 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111764.Search in Google Scholar

Falk, A., and J. Heckman. 2009. “Lab Experiments Are a Major Source of Knowledge in the Social Sciences.” Science 326 (5952): 535–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168244.Search in Google Scholar

Kahan, D. M., H. Jenkins-Smith, and D. Braman. 2011. “Cultural Cognition of Scientific Consensus.” Journal of Risk Research 14 (20): 147–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2010.511246.Search in Google Scholar

Lazaric, N., and M. Toumi. 2022. “Reducing Consumption of Electricity: A Field Experiment in Monaco with Boosts and Goal Setting.” Ecological Economics 191: 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107231.Search in Google Scholar

Myers, E., and M. Souza. 2020. “Social Comparison Nudges without Monetary Incentives: Evidence from Home Energy Reports.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 101: 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102315.Search in Google Scholar

Schultz, P. W., J. M. Nolan, R. B. Cialdini, N. J. Goldstein, and V. Griskevicus. 2007. “The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms.” Psychological Science 18 (5): 429–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x.Search in Google Scholar

Thaler, R. H., and C. R. Sunstein. 2009. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New York: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, B., B. Ritchie, J. Mair, and S. Driml. 2019. “Can Message Framings Influence Air Passenger’s Perceived Credibility of Aviation Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Messages?” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27 (9): 1416–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1629448.Search in Google Scholar


Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0100).


Received: 2023-03-30
Accepted: 2023-05-31
Published Online: 2023-07-03

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 6.12.2023 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0100/pdf
Scroll to top button