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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter May 15, 2016

Scaffolds from biomaterials: advantages and limitations in bone and tissue engineering

  • Franca N. Alaribe EMAIL logo , Sello L. Manoto and Shirley C.K.M. Motaung EMAIL logo
From the journal Biologia

Abstract

Nowadays, there has been immense progress in developing materials to support transplanted cells. Nevertheless, the complexity of tissues is far beyond what is found in the most advanced scaffolds. This article reviews the types of biomaterials and their resulting scaffolds in the bio-engineering of bone and tissues by presenting an overview of the characteristics of ideal scaffold in tissue engineering along with types of scaffolds and examples of previous studies where these scaffolds have been applied. The advantages of scaffolds, and the three-dimensional culture system and its used commercially available scaffold is presented. Challenges encountered in the application of these scaffolds in bone and tissue engineering is also highlighted. Used method was by acquisition of materials through Google scholar, Science direct, PubMed and University library archives. Proper knowledge of the above highlighted facts will go a long way in re-addressing the production of scaffolds for bone and tissue engineering. With the proliferation of innovative applications in bioactive glasses and glass ceramics, the greater need for specific understanding of cell biology with emphasis on cellular differentiation, cell to cell interaction and extracellular matrix formation in engineering of bone and tissues becomes inevitable. This will enhance scaffold production, bone regeneration and transplantation outcome.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Tshwane University of Technology for their total support.

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Abbreviations
3D

three-dimensional

ASTM

American Society for Testing Material

BG

bioactive glass

CAD

computer-aided design

ECM

extracellular matrix

GlcN

D-glucosamine

GlcNAc

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

HAP

hydroxyapatite

Hep3B

human hepatoma 3B cells

m-BG

micron-sized bioactive glass

MBG

mesoporous bioactive glass

MSCs

mesenchymal stem cells

n-BG

nano-sized bioactive glass

OPF

oligo-poly glycol-fumarate

PBT

polybutylene terephthalate

PCL

poly--caprolactone

PDLLA

poly-D-L-lactide

PEG

polyethylene glycol

PGA

poly-glycolide

PLA

poly-lactic acids

PLGA

poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid

PLLA

poly-L-lactic acid

PPC

polypropylene carbonate

PVA

polyvinyl alcohol

SIS

small intestinal sub-mucosa

TCP

tricalcium phosphate

TGF-β1

transforming growth factor beta 1

VEGF

vascular endothelial growth factor

Received: 2015-12-1
Accepted: 2016-1-1
Published Online: 2016-5-15
Published in Print: 2016-5-1

© 2016 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences

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