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Morphological and molecular characterization of Gambierdiscus caribaeus (Dinophyceae), with a confirmation of its occurrence in the Colombian Caribbean Tayrona National Natural Park

  • Edgar Arteaga-Sogamoso

    Being a marine biologist and aquaculture specialist, Edgar Arteaga-Sogamoso is a researcher at the Colombian Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis" – INVEMAR since 2002. Mr. Arteaga has wide experience in technical and scientific consultancy and is also a PhD candidate in Science-Biology at National University (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) Caribe branch. His current interests are marine phytoplankton and harmful algal ecology and taxonomy.

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    , Francisco Rodríguez

    Francisco Rodríguez is senior researcher at Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) since 2005. Before, he obtained his doctorate in 2002 in the University of Vigo and stayed for two years as a postdoctoral researcher at the Roscoff Marine Station. His current interests are marine harmful algae, including their taxonomical study using molecular tools and their ecophysiology (photosynthetic dynamics and pigments).

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    and José Ernesto Mancera-Pineda

    José Ernesto Mancera-Pineda is a full-time professor at Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He holds a doctor in environmental and evolutionary biology. He is a member of the working group IOCARIBE-ANCA (Harmful Algae of the Caribbean), and a senior researcher and leader of the Coastal Ecosystem Modeling Research Group. His research interests are harmful algal blooms, mangrove ecology, and coastal marine ecology.

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From the journal Botanica Marina

Abstract

Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus are known to produce potent neurotoxins known as ciguatoxins. These toxins vector through the food web and can reach sufficiently high levels to cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). In many regions of the Caribbean, little is known about the occurrence of CFP-causing species or the incidence of CFP, despite its apparent regional increase over the last few decades. Given the intraspecific variability in content and potencies of these toxins among Gambierdiscus species, the precise identification of local species of this genus is crucial. In this study we confirm the presence of the epibenthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus caribaeus in the Colombian continental Caribbean. Cells were collected in seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum in Bonito Gordo, a site located on the western side of Bahía Concha, Tayrona National Natural Park, near the city of Santa Marta, Colombia. Subsequently, a single strain of Gambierdiscus could be established for further identification. Morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy), and molecular results (partial LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing) were consistent with the original description of G. caribaeus, as well as with the morphological characteristics shown by other authors in organisms obtained near the sampling area.


Corresponding author: Edgar Arteaga-Sogamoso, INVEMAR-Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia, E-mail:

Funding source: Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL

Award Identifier / Grant number: Hermes Code: 40410 and Acta comité de investigaci

Funding source: Convenio de cooperación académica y científica entre Instituto de Investigaciones científicas y costeras-INVEMAR-Edgar Arteaga

Award Identifier / Grant number: Convenio No. 003-16

Funding source: Instituto Español de Oceanografía -IEO

Funding source: proyecto DIANAS

Award Identifier / Grant number: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: No. CTM2017-8

Funding source: Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia - MINCIENCIAS (COLCIENCIAS)

Award Identifier / Grant number: Doctorado Nal-727 de 2015

About the authors

Edgar Arteaga-Sogamoso

Being a marine biologist and aquaculture specialist, Edgar Arteaga-Sogamoso is a researcher at the Colombian Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis" – INVEMAR since 2002. Mr. Arteaga has wide experience in technical and scientific consultancy and is also a PhD candidate in Science-Biology at National University (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) Caribe branch. His current interests are marine phytoplankton and harmful algal ecology and taxonomy.

Francisco Rodríguez

Francisco Rodríguez is senior researcher at Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) since 2005. Before, he obtained his doctorate in 2002 in the University of Vigo and stayed for two years as a postdoctoral researcher at the Roscoff Marine Station. His current interests are marine harmful algae, including their taxonomical study using molecular tools and their ecophysiology (photosynthetic dynamics and pigments).

José Ernesto Mancera-Pineda

José Ernesto Mancera-Pineda is a full-time professor at Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He holds a doctor in environmental and evolutionary biology. He is a member of the working group IOCARIBE-ANCA (Harmful Algae of the Caribbean), and a senior researcher and leader of the Coastal Ecosystem Modeling Research Group. His research interests are harmful algal blooms, mangrove ecology, and coastal marine ecology.

Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the technical assistance by CACTI (University of Vigo) for sequencing (S. Comesaña and V. Outeiriño) and SEM images (I. Pazos). We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that greatly improved the final version of this manuscript.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This study was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia - MINCIENCIAS (COLCIENCIAS); the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL (within the project “Influencia de recursos y reguladores en la abundancia de dinoflagelados bentónicos del Caribe”, Hermes Code: 40410); as well as the Marine and Coastal Research Institute "Jose Benito Vives de Andréis-INVEMAR- and Environmental and Sustainable Development Ministry -MINAMBIENTE through BPIN project, and IAEA Technical Cooperation projects RLA/7/014 and RLA/7/020; the Spanish Institute of Oceanography- IEO; the CCVIEO project (IEO) and the DIANAS project. EAS was supported by a COLCIENCIAS grant (call no. 727–2015).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2020-11-16
Accepted: 2021-03-11
Published Online: 2021-04-12
Published in Print: 2021-04-27

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