Abstract
Species diversity in a habitat is often termed alpha diversity. As it influences various community properties, many studies have investigated its drivers. For instance, intertidal macroalgal canopies limit understory thermal stress during low tides and thus often increase alpha diversity. More recently, beta diversity has also become of interest. Beta diversity measures the change in species composition across space and is another important attribute of communities because it influences their multifunctionality, productivity, and resilience. Using data from a field experiment done in Atlantic Canada, we tested the hypothesis that fucoid macroalgal canopies limit beta diversity in intertidal communities. This prediction stems from previous evidence that such canopies limit thermal variation across the substrate during low tides, an important consideration because spatial thermal changes influence spatial variability in species composition. To test our hypothesis, we compared two treatments (full canopy cover and canopy removal) created the year before on intertidal areas that were originally all fully covered by canopies. Separately for each treatment, we calculated beta diversity as the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between nearby quadrats using species abundance data. Overall, fucoid macroalgal canopies significantly reduced beta diversity, showing that these foundation species can have opposing effects on alpha and beta diversity.
Funding source: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Award Identifier / Grant number: 311624
Funding source: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1190529
About the authors
Ricardo A. Scrosati is a full professor at St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia, Canada. He obtained an Honours Lic. degree from the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and a Ph.D. degree from the University of British Columbia (Canada). His Marine Ecology Lab investigates rocky intertidal ecology, combining experimental and mensurative approaches to understand species distribution and community structure from local to regional scales.
Alexis M. Catalán is a marine ecologist at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh). He received a B.Sc. degree from the Universidad de Los Lagos (Chile) and a Ph.D. degree from UACh. During his career, he investigated marine communities on the Atlantic Canadian and Chilean Pacific coasts. His research has focused on the dynamics of intertidal foundation species and their influence on biodiversity. Currently, he is exploring the drivers of beta diversity in coastal communities.
Nelson Valdivia is an associate professor at the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh). He obtained B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile) and a Ph.D. degree from Bremen University (Germany). After postdoctoral research at the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), he joined UACh as a faculty member. His current research interests include marine community stability mechanisms on the southeastern Pacific and Antarctic coasts.
Acknowledgments
We appreciate the constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper offered by two anonymous reviewers and by the Guest Editor, Put O. Ang.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This study was funded by a Discovery Grant (# 311624) awarded to R.A.S. by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and by an ANID (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo) Grant (#1190529) awarded to N.V. by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación of Chile. This contribution celebrates the 80th birthday of Prof. Robert E. DeWreede (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada), an excellent human being and Ph.D. mentor to whom R.A.S. will always be grateful.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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