Abstract
The deep beam is one of the essential members of high-rise buildings structures, so the deep beams are used as a transfer girder; in walls water structures, the deep beam behavior is different from the slender beam behavior; the deep beam plane section before does not remain plane after bending. In recent years, the use of FRP as a composite material in reinforced concrete structures has been growing up to cover problems by weight of structure buildings, corrosion, repairing, and construction cost. This paper presents an experimental, analytical study to assign the variation of mechanical properties of reinforced concrete deep beams using vertical and horizontal GFRP stirrups. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of test specimens for deep beams reinforced in shear with GFRP or steel bars as web reinforcement. The deep beams are reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) in various ratios as a web reinforcement configuration (0, 0.25%, and 0.40%) rather than traditional steel web reinforcement. All tested specimens have the same span to depth ratio of 0.40 (a/d); the primary and secondary reinforcement is steel bars. The web reinforcement ratio significantly affected deep beams’ load capacity and mechanical behavior. The GFRP enhancement the mechanical behavior of the reinforced concrete deep. Increasing the GFRP web reinforcement ratio enhances the deep beam load capacity. The test results compared with the traditional ACI design method strut-tie model to demonstrate the effect of web reinforcement ratio on deep beam load capacity and strut width. The test results have been verified by ABAQUS 6.13.
References
[1] Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Shear behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. J Compos Constr. 2013;17(6):10.Search in Google Scholar
[2] Țăranu N, Oprişan G, Isopescu D, Ențuc I, Munteanu V, Banu C. Fiber reinforced polymer composites as internal and external reinforcements for building elements. Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy – Construction, Architecture Section. 2008:7-20.Search in Google Scholar
[3] Mohamed KA. Performance and strut eflciency factor of concrete deep beams reinforced with GFRP bars [dissertation]. Quebec: University of Sherbrooke; 2015:184.Search in Google Scholar
[4] ElSafty A, Benmokrane B, Rizkalla S, Mohamed H, Hassan M. Degradation assessment of internal continuous fiber reinforcement in concrete environment. Technical Report. Tallahassee (FL), USA; 2014. p. 297.Search in Google Scholar
[5] Rogowsky DM, MacGregor JG. Shear strength of deep reinforced concrete continuous beams. Structural Engineering Report No. 110. Edmonton: University of Alberta; 1983 p. 178.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Mohamed K, Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Effect of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement on the strength and deformation of concrete deep beams reinforced with GFRP bars. ASCE J Struct Eng. 2017;143(8).10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001786Search in Google Scholar
[7] Andermatt MF, Lubell AS. Behaviour of concrete beams with internal GFRP reinforcement. In: Bartlett FM, editor. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridges; 2010 Aug 3-6; Niagara Falls, Canada. Canadian Society for Civil Engineering; 2010. p. 260–261.Search in Google Scholar
[8] American Concrete Institute (ACI). Report on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement concrete structures (ACI 440R-07). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI. 2007.Search in Google Scholar
[9] Fédération Internationale du Béton (FIB). FRP reinforcement in RC structures. Task Group 9.3, Lausanne, Switzerland. 2007.Search in Google Scholar
[10] Mohamed HM, Benmokrane B. Design and performance of reinforced concrete water chlorination tank totally reinforced with GFRP bars: Case study. J Compos Constr. 2014;18(1).10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000429Search in Google Scholar
[11] Tan KH, Kong FK, Teng S, Weng LW. Effect of web reinforcement on high-strength concrete deep beams. ACI Struct J. 1997a;94(5):572–82.10.14359/506Search in Google Scholar
[12] Mihaylov BI, Bentz EC, Collins MP. Behavior of large deep beams subjected to monotonic and reversed cyclic shear. ACI Struct J. 2010;107(6):726–34.Search in Google Scholar
[13] Birrcher DB, Tuchscherer RG, Huizinga M, Bayrak O. Minimum web reinforcement in deep beams. ACI Struct J. 2013;110(2):297–306.Search in Google Scholar
[14] American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-14). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI. 2014.Search in Google Scholar
[15] American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-19 and ACI 318R-19). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI. 2019:628.Search in Google Scholar
[16] American Concrete Institute (ACI). Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars (ACI 440.1R-03). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI. 2003:42.Search in Google Scholar
[17] American Concrete Institute (ACI). Specifications for structural concrete (ACI 301-99). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.1999:49.Search in Google Scholar
[18] Kong FK, Sharp GR, Appleton SC, Beaumont CJ, Kubik LA. Structural idealization for deep beams with web openings: Further evidence. Magazine Concr Res. 1978;30(103):89–95.10.1680/macr.1978.30.103.89Search in Google Scholar
[19] Ghoneim M, El Mihilmy M. Design of reinforced concrete structures. 1st ed. Oxford University Press. 2008. p. 817.Search in Google Scholar
[20] Schlaich J, Schäfer K. Design and detailing of structural concrete using strut-and-tie models. Struct Eng. 1991;69(6):113–25.Search in Google Scholar
[21] Mitchell D, Collins MP, Bhide SB, Rabbat BG. AASHTO LRFD Strut-and-Tie Model Design Examples. 1st ed. Skokie (IL): Portland Cement Association; 2004. p. 60.Search in Google Scholar
[22] Brown MD, Bayrak O. Minimum Transverse Reinforcement for Bottle-Shaped Struts. ACI Struct J. 2006;103(6):813–21.Search in Google Scholar
[23] ACI Committee 440. Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06). ACI, Farmington Hills, MI. 2006: 44.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Ata El-Kareim Shoeib et al., published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
