Abstract
Hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers has the ability to improve composite performance. It means that the combination of natural fibers such as coir, jute, bamboo, and sisal with synthetic or glass fiber can broaden the role of the composite material, especially for structural application. This study developed a finite element simulation to investigate the damage to the bow structure of the fishing boat hull, which was produced using hybrid coir-glass fiber composite (HCGFRP) material subjected to front collision load. The experimental measurement was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of four hybrid composite laminates defined based on the differences in their layers number, fiber types, and orientation angle. Moreover, a numerical simulation model was applied to the traditional fishing boat colliding with fishery harbor quay, and the scenario was defined by varying the boat speed and the types of laminates adopted on the hull structure. The results showed the damage level for the bow structure of the HCGFRP boat due to the collision accidents, while the numerical findings are expected to be used as the basic knowledge in applying the hybrid coir-glass fiber laminates composite as an alternative hull construction material.
References
[1] Sen T, Reddy HJ. Application of sisal, bamboo, coir, and jute natural composites in structural up-gradation. Int J Innov Manag Technol. 2011;2(3):186–91.Search in Google Scholar
[2] Shenoi RA, Dulieu-Barton JM, Quinn S, Blake JI, Boyd SW. Composite materials for marine applications: key challenges for the future. In: Nicolais L, Meo M, Mileilla M, editors. Composite Materials. London: Springer; 2011. p. 69–89.10.1007/978-0-85729-166-0_3Search in Google Scholar
[3] Mochane MJ, Mokhena TC, Mokhothu TH, Mtibe A, Sadiku ER, Ray SS, et al. Recent progress on natural fiber hybrid composites for advanced applications: A review. Express Polym Lett. 2019;13(2):159–98.10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.15Search in Google Scholar
[4] Tsampas SA, Greenhalgh ES, Ankersen J, Curtis PT. Compressive failure of hybrid multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites. Compos, Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2015;71:40–58.10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.002Search in Google Scholar
[5] Aisyah HA, Paridah MT, Khalina A, Sapuan SM, Wahab MS, Berkalp OB, et al. Effects of fabric counts and weave designs on the properties of Laminated Woven Kenaf/Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Polymers (Basel). 2018 Nov;10(12):1320.10.3390/polym10121320Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[6] Nisini E, Santulli C, Liverani A. Mechanical and impact characterization of hybrid composite laminates with carbon, basalt and flax fibres. Compos, Part B Eng. 2017;127:92–9.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.071Search in Google Scholar
[7] Ralph C, Lemoine P, Archer E, McIlhagger A. Mechanical properties of short basalt fibre reinforced polypropylene and the effect of fibre sizing on adhesion. Compos, Part B Eng. 2019;176:107260.10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107260Search in Google Scholar
[8] Flynn J, Amiri A, Ulven C. Hybridized carbon and flax fiber composites for tailored performance. Mater Des. 2016;102:21–9.10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.164Search in Google Scholar
[9] Sapuan SM, Aulia HS, Ilyas RA, Atiqah A, Dele-Afolabi TT, Nurazzi MN, et al. Mechanical Properties of Longitudinal Basalt/Woven-Glass-Fiber-reinforced Unsaturated Polyester-Resin Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Sep;12(10):2211.10.3390/polym12102211Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[10] Vinayagamoorthy R, Rajeswari N. Mechanical performance studies on Vetiveria zizanioides/jute/glass fiber-reinforced hybrid polymeric composites. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2014;33(1):81–92.10.1177/0731684413495934Search in Google Scholar
[11] Jothibasu S, Mohanamurugan S, Vijay R, Singaravelu DL, Vinod A, Sanjay M. Investigation on the mechanical behavior of areca sheath fibers/jute fibers/glass fabrics reinforced hybrid composite for light weight applications. J Ind Text. 2018;49(8):1036–60.10.1177/1528083718804207Search in Google Scholar
[12] Aslan M, Tufan M, Küçükömeroglu T. Tribological and mechanical performance of sisal-filled waste carbon and glass fibre hybrid composites. Compos, Part B Eng. 2018;140:241–9.10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.039Search in Google Scholar
[13] Rao HR, Rajulu AV, Reddy GR, Reddy KH. Flexural and Compressive Properties of Bamboo and Glass Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2009;29(10):1446–50.Search in Google Scholar
[14] Retnam BS, Sivapragash M, Pradeep P. Effects of fibre orientation on mechanical properties of hybrid bamboo/glass fibre polymer composites. Bull Mater Sci. 2014;37(5):1059–64.10.1007/s12034-014-0045-ySearch in Google Scholar
[15] Arif MF, Kumar S, Shah T. Tunable morphology and its influence on electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanostructure-buckypaper. Mater Des. 2016;101:236–44.10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.122Search in Google Scholar
[16] Nurazzi NM, Khalina A, Sapuan SM, Rahmah M. Development of sugar palm yarn/glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites. Mater Res Express. 2018;5(4):045308.10.1088/2053-1591/aabc27Search in Google Scholar
[17] Prajapati P, Sharma C, Shrivastava R, Rana RS. Evaluation of mechanical properties of coir and glass fiber hybrid composites. Mater Today Proc. 2018;5(9):19056–62.10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.258Search in Google Scholar
[18] Islam MR, Gupta A, Rivai M, Beg MD. Characterization of microwave-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch/glass fibre/polypropylene composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2017;30(7):986–1002.10.1177/0892705715614078Search in Google Scholar
[19] Nourbakhsh A, Ashori A, Kargarfard A. Evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as reinforcement for natural fiber-based composites. Polym Compos. 2016;37(11):3269–74.10.1002/pc.23525Search in Google Scholar
[20] Asyraf MR, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N. Comparison of Static and Long-term Creep Behaviors between Balau Wood and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite for Cross-arm Application. Fibers Polym. 2021;22(3):793–803.10.1007/s12221-021-0512-1Search in Google Scholar
[21] Asyraf MR, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N. Influence of Additional Bracing Arms as Reinforcement Members in Wooden Timber Cross-Arms on Their Long-Term Creep Responses and Properties. Appl Sci (Basel). 2021;11(5):2061.10.3390/app11052061Search in Google Scholar
[22] Asyraf MR, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N, Ilyas RA. Woods and composites cantilever beam: A comprehensive review of experimental and numerical creep methodologies. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9(3):6759–76.10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.01.013Search in Google Scholar
[23] Fiore V, Scalici T, Sarasini F, Tirilló J, Calabrese L. Salt-fog spray aging of jute-basalt reinforced hybrid structures: flexural and low velocity impact response. Compos, Part B Eng. 2017;116:99–112.10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.031Search in Google Scholar
[24] Bodur MS, Englund K, Bakkal M. Water absorption behavior and kinetics of glass fiber/waste cotton fabric hybrid composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2017;134(47):45506.10.1002/app.45506Search in Google Scholar
[25] Misri S, Leman Z, Sapuan SM, Ishak MR. Mechanical properties and fabrication of small boat using woven glass/sugar palm fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2010;11:012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/11/1/012015.10.1088/1757-899X/11/1/012015Search in Google Scholar
[26] Renjith R, Nair RP. Structural analysis of NFRP composite boat hull using finite element method. J Offshore Struct and Tech. 2019;6(1):10–7.Search in Google Scholar
[27] Tikupadang K, Palungan MB, Buku A, Manuhutu H. The utilization of agave cantula roxb as composite strength on fishing boat hull. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021;1088(1):012101. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1088/1/012101.10.1088/1757-899X/1088/1/012101Search in Google Scholar
[28] Jones RM. Mechanics of composite materials. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis; 1999.Search in Google Scholar
[29] Taury HA, Zakki AF. Normal Mode Analysis of Traditional Purse Seine in Central Java Indonesia. Kapal: J Mar Sci Technol. 2018;15(1):33–7.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Aulia Windyandari et al., published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
