Abstract
This article contextualises the adoration of la Divina Pastora (Siparia Mai) in Trinidad with the racially charged politics of the island nation. Using interviews and participant observation, it demonstrates the importance and unique nature of this practice which allows people of many faiths share in the space that is la Divina. This religious, cultural and social space is one of many on the island where diversity is celebrated, unlike the political arena where race-baiting is used to rally the electorate. The article uses various theories of race to analyse why Hindus and Catholic devotees are willing to share access while their political leaders seem unwilling and/or unable to do the same meaningfully. The paper concludes that while no current theory of race sufficiently explains the la Divina experience but that She embodies the national hegemonic ideal which politicians claim they embrace but which they do little to encourage because doing so will undermine their political base.
References
Beckord, George L. “Plantation Society: Toward a General Theory of Caribbean Society.” Caribbean Sociology: Introductory Readings, edited by Christine Barrow and Rhoda Reddock. Ian Randle Publishers, 2001, 139-150.Search in Google Scholar
Boodoo, Gerald. “The “La Divina Pastora/Suparee Ke Mai” Devotions of Trinidad.” International Review of Mission, vol. 82, no. 327, 1993, 383-390.10.1111/j.1758-6631.1993.tb02679.xSearch in Google Scholar
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. “Creolization.” Caribbean Sociology: Introductory Readings, edited by Christine Barrow and Rhoda Reddock. Ian Randle Publishers, 2001, 108-117.Search in Google Scholar
Brereton, Bridget. Race Relations in Colonial Trinidad 1870-1970. Cambridge University Press, 1979.10.1017/CBO9780511529061Search in Google Scholar
---. A History of Modern Trinidad, 1783-1962. Heinemann Educational Books, 1981.Search in Google Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia. “Religion and Ethnicity.” Oxford Readers: Ethnicity, edited by John Hutchinson and Anthony Smith. Oxford University Press, 1986, 197-201.Search in Google Scholar
Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Planning and Development. Statistics at a Glance 2000 Government Printing Office.Search in Google Scholar
---. Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census Demographic Report, 2012, http://cso.gov.tt/media/publications-documents/Search in Google Scholar
Goldwasser, Michele. The Rainbow Madonna of Trinidad: A Study in the Dynamics of Belief in Trinidad Religion Life. 1996, University of California, Los Angeles, PhD dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
Gupta, Akhila and James Ferguson. Culture Power Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology. Duke University Press, 1997.10.1215/9780822382089Search in Google Scholar
Khan, Aisha. “What is ‘a Spanish’? Ambiguity and ‘Mixed’ Ethnicity in Trinidad.” Trinidad Ethnicity, edited by Kelvin Yelvington, University of Tennessee Press, 1993, 180-207.Search in Google Scholar
---. “Journey to the Center of the Earth: The Caribbean as Master Symbol.” Cultural Anthropology, vol. 16, no. 3, 2001, 271-302.10.1525/can.2001.16.3.271Search in Google Scholar
Henry, Andre-Vincent. “Talking Race in Trinidad and Tobago: a Practical Framework.” Caribbean Affairs, vol. 6, no. 2, 1993, 23-38.Search in Google Scholar
The Holy See. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Doubleday, 1994.Search in Google Scholar
Lamar, Lenard and Thompson, Howard. The Frontier in History: North America and South Africa Compared. Yale University Press, 1981.Search in Google Scholar
Morris, H.S. “The Plural Society.” Man, vol. 57, 1957, 124-125.10.2307/2794435Search in Google Scholar
Munasinghe, Viranjini. Callaloo or Tossed Salad? East Indians and the Cultural Politics of Identity in Trinidad. Cornell University Press, 2001.10.7591/9781501729041Search in Google Scholar
---. “Nationalism in Hybrid Spaces: The Production of Impurity out of Purity.” American Ethnologist, vol. 29, no, 3, 2002, 663 -692.10.1525/ae.2002.29.3.663Search in Google Scholar
Ottley, Carlton Robert. Spanish Trinidad; An Account of Life in Trinidad 1498 - 1797. Longman Caribbean, 1971.Search in Google Scholar
Reddock, Rhoda. “Douglarization and the Politics of Gender in Trinidad and Tobago: A Preliminary Exploration.” Caribbean Sociology: Introductory Readings, edited by Christine Barrow and Rhoda Reddock. Ian Randle Publishers, 2001, 320-333.Search in Google Scholar
Roberts, G. W. and Bryne, J. “Summary Statistics on Indenture and Associated Migration Affecting the West Indies, 1834-1918.” Population Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, 1966, 125-134.10.1080/00324728.1966.10406089Search in Google Scholar
Ryan, Selwyn D. Race and Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago: a study of decolonization in a multiracial society. University of Toronto Press, 1972.10.3138/9781487583378Search in Google Scholar
Singh, Kelvin. Race and Class Struggles in a Colonial State: Trinidad 1917 - 1945. University of Calgary Press and The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, M. G. “The Plural Society.” Oxford Readers: Ethnicity, edited by John Hutchinson and Anthony Smith. Oxford University Press, 1986, 238-240.Search in Google Scholar
Todd, Roy. “Multiculturalism.” Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations 4th Edition, edited by Ernest Cashmore, Routledge, 1996, 244.Search in Google Scholar
Vertovec, Steven. “Hinduism in the Diaspora: The Transformation of Tradition in Trinidad.” Caribbean Sociology: Introductory Readings, edited by Christine Barrow and Rhoda Reddock. Ian Randle Publishers, 2001, 622-642.Search in Google Scholar
Whitaker, Mark. Amiable Incoherence: Manipulating Histories and Modernities in a Batticaloa Tamil Temple. UV University Press, 1999.Search in Google Scholar
Yelvington, Kelvin. “Introduction: Trinidad Ethnicity.” Trinidad Ethnicity, edited by Kelvin Yelvington. University of Tennessee Press, 1993, 1-32.Search in Google Scholar
© by Alison Mc Letchie, published by De Gruyter Open
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.