Abstract
As American business looks toward the future and its role in the policy-making process, it must consider how it is going to be affected by this country’s ongoing demographic changes. As was the case in the 2012 elections, the changing face of American politics has the potential to produce a dramatic impact on the nature of business-government relations. This essay examines the future of business advocacy in the context of America’s emerging demographics in three areas. First, although Republicans have long claimed to be “the party of business,” the turn to the right by the GOP has created significant difficulties for business lobbies. Second, since the political profile of business can be influenced by the ways in which they define corporate social responsibility, analysis turns to the pressures business faces from both their own employees and outside groups to embrace particular values or causes. Finally, the essay addresses business leadership. If business leaders looked like America, would it make any difference in terms of business advocacy?
About the author
Jeffrey M. Berry is Skuse Professor of Political Science at Tufts University. His books include The Rebirth of Urban Democracy, The New Liberalism, The Interest Group Society, A Voice for Nonprofits, and Lobbying and Policy Change.
References
Bawn, Kathleen, Martin Cohen, David Karol, Seth Masket, Hans Noel, and John Zaller. 2012. “A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics.” Perspectives on Politics 10(3): 571–597.10.1017/S1537592712001624Search in Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. 2010. “Urban Interest Groups.” In L. Sandy Maisel and Jeffrey M. Berry, eds., The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press).10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199542628.003.0026Search in Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. and Clyde Wilcox. 2009. The Interest Group Society, 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman.Search in Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M, Sarah Sobieraj and Suzanne Schlossberg. 2012. “Tea Party Mobilization,” paper prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, New Orleans, September.Search in Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. and Sarah Sobieraj. Forthcoming. The Outrage Industry. New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Blake, Aaron. 2012. “What Richard Mourdock Can Learn from Chick-fil-A,” Washington Post, October 25. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/10/25/what-richard-mourdock-can-learn-from-chick-fil-a/. Last accessed, February 28, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Brownstein, Ronald. 2012. “The U.S. Has Reached a Demographic Milestone – And It’s Not Turning Back,” National Journal, November 9. http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/demographics/the-u-s-has-reached-a-demographic-milestone-and-it-s-not-turning-back-20121109. Last accessed, February 22, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Calmes, Jackie. 2013. “For ‘Party of Business,’ Allegiances are Shifting,” New York Times, January 15. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/us/politics/a-shift-for-gop-as-party-of-business.html?_r=0. Last accessed, February 19, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Cummings, Jeanne. 2010. “Angry Member Groups Shun U.S. Chamber of Commerce.” Politico, December 7. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1210/46049.html. Last accessed, March 1, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Eckholm, Erik. 2013. “In Gay Marriage Brief, a Corporate Call for Change.” New York Times, February 28, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/28/business/companies-ask-justices-to-overturn-gay-marriage-ban.html?_r=0. Last accessed, February 28, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Elis, Niv. 2009. “Discord in Chamber of Commerce.” Forbes.com, October 5. http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/05/apple-chamber-commerce-business-washington-global-warming.html. Last accessed, March 1, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 1999. Uneasy Alliances. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gallup Poll. 2013. “Democrats Racially Diverse; Republicans Mostly White,” February 8. http://www.gallup.com/poll/160373/democrats-racially-diverse-republicans-mostly-white.aspx. Last accessed, February 19, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Johnston, Katie. 2012. “Mass. Boardrooms Opening to Women, Slowly.” Boston Globe, November 30. http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/11/30/boston-club-census-women-executives-directors-finds-slow-progress/MJ6JBR2WzTKD1lFMqOhnUM/story.html. Last accessed, March 1, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Karol, David. 2009. Party Position Change in American Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511812620Search in Google Scholar
Lee, Edmund. 2012. “Limbaugh Clash Has Advertisers Recalculating Web’s Power: Tech,” Bloomberg, March 15. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-15/limbaugh-clash-has-advertisers-recalculating-web-s-power-tech.html. Last accessed, February 26, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Lindblom, Charles E. 1977. Politics and Markets. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Lindgreen, Adam, and Valérie Swaen. 2010. “Corporate Social Responsibility.” International Journal of Management Reviews 12(1): 1–7.10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00277.xSearch in Google Scholar
Lynch, Rene. 2012. “Chick-fil-A Flap: Is the Boycott Over?” Los Angeles Times, September 19. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/19/nation/la-na-nn-chick-fil-a-gay-marriage-20120919. Last accessed, February 26, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
McFarland, Andrew. 2011. Boycotts and Dixie Chicks. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
McKinnon, John D., Colleen McCain Nelson, and Dana Mattioli. 2012. “CEOs Vow to Work with Obama Team,” Wall Street Journal, November 8. http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/wall-street-balks-at-gop-87115.html. Last accessed, February 22, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, Robb M. 2009a. “Whom Does the N.F.I.B. Represent (Besides Its Members)?,” New York Times, August 26. http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/26/whom-does-the-nfib-represent-besides-its-members/. Last accessed, March 1, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, Robb M. 2009b. “How the N.F.I.B. Represents Its Members, Part II,” New York Times, September 3. http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/how-the-nfib-represents-its-members-part-ii/. Last accessed, March 1, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Mann, Thomas E., and Norman J. Ornstein. 2012. It’s Even Worse Than It Looks. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Mediaite. 2012. “Soledad O’Brien Presses Richard Mourdock Over His Refusal To Compromise In The Senate,” May 9. Http://www.mediaite.com/tv/soledad-obrien-presses-richard-mourdock-over-his-refusal-to-compromise-in-the-senate/. Last accessed, February 19, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Norman, Laurence, and Matina Stevis, 2012. “EU Shelves Women Board Quotas Plan.” Wall Street Journal, October 23. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203406404578074623918256116.html. Last accessed, March 3, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Palmer, Anna, and Manu Raju. 2013. “Will Wall Street Spurn GOP in 2014?”, Politico, February 4. http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/wall-street-balks-at-gop-87115.html. Last accessed February 22, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Parker, Christopher. 2010. 2010 Multi-state Survey on Race & Politics, University of Washington Institute for the Study of Ethnicity, Race, & Sexuality. http://depts.washington.edu/uwiser/racepolitics.html. Last accessed, February 19, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Portney, Kent E. 2013. Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Severson, Kim. 2012. “Chick-fil-A Thrust Back into Spotlight on Gay Rights,” New York Times, July 25. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/26/us/gay-rights-uproar-over-chick-fil-a-widens.html?_r=0. Last accessed, February 26, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, Mark A. 2000. American Business and Political Power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, Mark A. 2007. The Right Talk. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Stone, Clarence N. 1989. Regime Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.Search in Google Scholar
Vogel, David. 2005. The Market for Virtue. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Search in Google Scholar
White, Ben, and Jonathan Allen. 2012. “CEOs Wield Clout, Wage Battle to Get a Budget Deal.” Politico, October 9. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1012/82154.html. Last accessed, February 19, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston