Abstract
Most of the inland lakes do not have up-to-datebathymetry. However, a significant progress in surveyingtechnologies creates a possibility to quickly and accuratelydescribe the underwater environment. Modern geodeticand global positioning techniques integrated with hydroacousticsystems provide a great opportunity to study thebottom shape with high resolution. Our study presentsa reliable methodology for investigation of bathymetryand morphometric parameters with the use of GNSS positioningtechniques and single beam echosounder. Theresearch was implemented on the deepest, glacial reservoirin the central part of European Depression - LakeHancza. Direct hydroacoustic and geodetic measurementscompleted by sediment study were conducted by the authorsin 2010-2013. After performing a field survey the DigitalElevation Model was constructed and the new bathymetricmap and morphometric card were elaborated. Themaximum depth was confirmed to be 105.55 m. The finalconclusions show that the available bathymetric data andmorphometric parameters of lakes are highly dependenton the research methodology used, the precision and accuracyof measurement techniques, proper water level determination,digital elevation model and bathymetric mapelaboration processes.
References
[1] Choinski A., Polish Lake Catalogue. Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPublishing, Poznan, 2006 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[2] Håkanson L., A Manual of Lake Morphometry. Springer-Verlag,Berlin Heidelberg, 1981.10.1007/978-3-642-81563-8Search in Google Scholar
[3] Paziewski J., Wielgosz P., Assessment of GPS + Galileo andmulti-frequency Galileo single-epoch precise positioning withnetwork corrections. GPS Solut., 2014, 18(4), 571-579.10.1007/s10291-013-0355-3Search in Google Scholar
[4] Ciecko A., Oszczak B., Oszczak S., Effocient and Cost-EffectiveGeneration of Precise Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with the Useof GPS and GSM/GPRS Technology. Proceedings of the 2006National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation - NTM2006, Monterey, CA, 490-496.Search in Google Scholar
[5] International Hydrographic Organization IHO, Standards for HydrographicSurveys, Special Publication No 44, 5th Edition. InternationalHydrographic Bureau, Monako, 2008.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Popielarczyk D., Templin T., Application of IntegratedGNSS/Hydroacoustic Measurements and GIS GeodatabaseModels for Bottom Analysis of Lake Hancza: the Deepest InlandReservoir in Poland. Pure Appl. Geophys., 2014, 171, 997-1011.10.1007/s00024-013-0683-9Search in Google Scholar
[7] Sledzinski J., Lakes of the Suwałki region. Archivesd’hydrobiologie et d’ichtyologie, 1927, 3(1-2), 309-340 (inPolish)Search in Google Scholar
[8] Rühle E., Der Hancza See auf der Suwalken-Seeplatte. GeographicMessaging Service, 1932, 6(4), 422-455.Search in Google Scholar
[9] Stangenberg M., Limnologische Charakteristik der Seen desSuwałki-Gebiets auf Grund der hydrochemischen Untersuchungen.Department of Ichthyobiology and Fishery,Warsaw Universityof Life Sciences - SGGW, 1936, 43, 7-85.Search in Google Scholar
[10] Stangenberg M., The chemical composition of deep-sea sedimentsof lakes in Suwalki district. Forest Research Institute,Sekocin Stary, 1938, A(31), 1-44 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[11] Choinski A., Skowron R., The deepest Polish Lowlands lakes inlight of new depth measurements. Geogr. J., 1998, LXIX, 339-343 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[12] Jozsa V., Tatrai I., Gyore K., Kozłowski J., Bathymetric profileof Lake Hancza. In: Kozłowski J., Poczyczynski P., ZdanowskiB. (Eds.), Environment and ichtiofauna of Lake Hancza. InlandFisheries Institute in Olsztyn, 2008, 43-58 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[13] Skowron R., Extreme thermal phenomena of surfacewater in thelakes of Northern Poland. Limnol. Review, 2009, 9(3), 97-109.Search in Google Scholar
[14] Skowron R., Water thermal conditions during winter stagnationin the selected lakes in Poland. Limnol. Review, 2008, 8(3), 119-128.Search in Google Scholar
[15] Popielarczyk D., Oszczak S., Application of Integrated SatelliteDGPS/GPRS Navigation and Hydrographic Systems for SafeSailing on Great Mazurian Lakes in Poland. Proceedings of the2006 National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation- NTM 2006, Monterey, CA, 2006, 188-194.Search in Google Scholar
[16] Popielarczyk D., RTK Water Level Determination in Precise InlandBathymetric Measurements. Proceedings of the 25th InternationalTechnical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Instituteof Navigation (ION GNSS 2012), Nashville, TN, 2012, 1158-1163Search in Google Scholar
[17] Clay C.S., Medwin H., Acoustic oceanography. Wiley Interscience,New York, 1977.Search in Google Scholar
[18] Borowiak D.,Water regimes and hydrological functions of PolishLowland lakes. Department of Limnology of Gdansk University,Gdansk, 2000 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[19] Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E., Natural conditions of water circulationin Lake Hancza. In: Kozłowski J., Poczyczynski P.,Zdanowski B. (Eds.), Environment and ichtiofauna of LakeHancza, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, 2008, 7-23 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[20] Dabrowski M., Weglarczyk S., Cyclical nature of fluctuations inthe levels of lakes of Northern Poland. Limnol. Review, 2008, 5,61-67.Search in Google Scholar
[21] Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E., Trends in water level changes in theNorth-eastern Poland. Limnol. Review, 2001, 1, 1-14.Search in Google Scholar
[22] Pradhan B., Groundwater potential zonation for basaltic watershedsusing satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques.Centr. Eur. J. Geosci., 2009, 1(1), 120-129.10.2478/v10085-009-0008-5Search in Google Scholar
[23] Ren D., Fu R., Karoly D.J., Leslie L.M., Chen J.,Wilson C.R., A newice sheet model validated by remote sensing of the Greenlandice sheet. Centr. Eur. J. Geosci., 2010, 2(4), 501-513.10.2478/v10085-010-0012-9Search in Google Scholar
[24] Rink K., Kalbacher T., KolditzO., Visual datamanagement for hydrologicalanalysis. Environ. Earth Sci., 2011, 65(5), 1395-1403.10.1007/s12665-011-1230-6Search in Google Scholar
[25] Kastanas I., Georgiou A., Zavros P., Akylas E., An integrated GISbasedmethod for wind-power estimation: application to westernCyprus. Centr. Eur. J. Geosci., 2014, 6(1), 79-87.10.2478/s13533-012-0162-3Search in Google Scholar
[26] Dinesh S., Computation and characterization of basic morphometricmeasures of catchments extracted from digital elevationmodels. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 2008, 4(11), 1488-1495.Search in Google Scholar
[27] Subyani A.M., Qari M.H.,Matsah M.I., DEM andmultivariate statisticalanalysis of morphometric parameters of some wadis,western Saudi Arabia. Arab. J. Geosci., 2012, 5(1), 147-157.10.1007/s12517-010-0149-7Search in Google Scholar
[28] Hengl T., Reuter H.I., Geomorphometry: Concepts, Software, Applications.Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2009.Search in Google Scholar
[29] Hutchinson E.G., A Treatise on Limnology, Geography andPhysics of Lakes. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1957.Search in Google Scholar
[30] Wetzel R.G., Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. AcademicPress, San Diego, CA, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
[31] Hutchinson M.F., A new method for gridding elevation andstreamline data with automatic removal of pits. J. Hydrol., 1989, 106, 211-232.10.1016/0022-1694(89)90073-5Search in Google Scholar
[32] Lauterbach S., Brauer A., Andersen N., Danielopol D.L., DulskiP., Huls M. et al.,Multi-proxy evidence for early to mid-Holoceneenvironmental and climatic changes in northeastern Poland.Boreas, 2011, 40(1), 57-72.10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00159.xSearch in Google Scholar
[33] Zurek S., The rate of accumulation of peat and gyttja in the pro-files of Polish bogs and lakes (based on 14C). Prz.Geogr., 1986,58(3), 459-477 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[34] Stasiak J., Sedimentation rate of calcareous gyttia deposits.Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 1971, 107, 113-119 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[35] Zdanowski B., Stawecki K., Pyka J., Abiotic environment of LakeHancza. In: Kozłowski J., Poczyczynski P., Zdanowski B. (Eds.),Environment and ichtiofauna of Lake Hancza. Inland FisheriesInstitute in Olsztyn, 2008, 59-74 (in Polish)Search in Google Scholar
[36] Łopata M., Popielarczyk D., Templin T., Dunalska J., WisniewskiG., Bigaj I., et al, Spatial variability of nutrients (N, P) in a deep,temperate lakewith a lowtrophic level supported by global navigationsatellite systems, geographic information system andgeostatistics. Water Sci. Technol., 2014, 69(9), 1834-1845.10.2166/wst.2014.084Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2015 D. Popielarczyk et al.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
