Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is used as “seed snacks”, so called “pipas”, in the Mediterranean countries which may offer an interesting opportunity for agricultural diversification of this crop. The morpho-phenological variability already demonstrated in the Tunisian local populations can be a basis for the creation of new varieties well adapted to climate and soil conditions in that region. The molecular characterization of 59 accessions and reference lines generated 194 alleles from 30 SSR loci (3–10 alleles per locus) and 54 haplotypes, built from 117 SNP detected by NGS sequencing of 7 genes (4–16 haplotypes per gene). These data highlight some uniqueness of the Tunisian material compared to 7 control lines but a low genetic dispersion between accessions. However, a core collection of 8 populations, capturing 88 % of the Tunisian genetic diversity, could be proposed for a future sunflower breeding program.
Resumé
Analyse des ressources génétiques et constitution d’une core-collection pour la création de nouvelles variétés de tournesol en Tunisie
Résumé
Le Tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.) est utilisé dans les pays méditerranéens en tant que fruit sec (pipas) pourrait offrir un débouché intéressant de diversification de cette culture. La variabilité morpho-phénologique déjà mise en évidence dans les populations locales de Tunisie peut être une base à la création de nouvelles variétés bien adaptées aux conditions climatiques et pédologiques de cette région. La caractérisation moléculaire des lignées références et des 59 accessions a permis d’identifier 194 allèles pour trente locus microsatellites (soit 3 à 10 allèles par locus) et 54 haplotypes à partir de 117 SNPs détectés par le séquençage NGS de 7 gènes (soit 4 à 16 haplotypes par gène). Ces résultats confirme l’originalité génétique du matériel tunisien par rapport à des lignées témoin ainsi qu’une faible distance génétique entre les accessions. Néanmoins, une core collection de 8 populations, capturant 88 % de la diversité génétique, peut être proposée comme base pour un futur programme d’amélioration du Tournesol.
Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported and performed by the laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM) and US_EPGV (Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). We are grateful also to Brigitte Gouesnard for the discussions about MSTRAT analysis and to Maha Ponnaiah for critical reading and help for English translation of the manuscript.
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