Abstract
The present study was focused on the assessment of genetic diversity in twenty-three populations of Orobanche cumana parasitizing on sunflower in Bulgaria, Turkey, Moldova and Romania using 13 ISSR markers. The obtained results on the genetic diversity parameters showed that the broomrape populations were characterised by a significant level of the intrapopulation diversity. In addition, descriptive population genetic statistics revealed that Turkish populations had a higher level of genetic diversity indices than populations from several areas of the northeast and east of the Balkan Peninsula included in Eastern Europe. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 38 % of the genetic variability was due to differences within populations, 34 % was due to differences among populations and the lowest molecular variation was among countries (28 %). According to clustering and PCA methods, Moldavian, Bulgarian and Romanian broomrapes shared more genetic traits with each other than with Turkish populations within a main gene pool. As a whole, all results of this study showed that there is a high intrapopulation diversity of the O. cumana gene pool in the Black Sea basin. From the clustering and PCA analyses, it can be concluded that the grouping of broomrape populations is partly determined by their geographical origin, as well as by the genetic differences and similarities accumulated over time, and is not related to virulence. The information obtained from this study may be highly relevant in contributing to the development of sustainable control strategies of the pathogen and breeding programmes for sunflower resistance to broomrape.
Funding source: National Agency for Research and Development, Republic of Moldova.
Award Identifier / Grant number: 20.80009.5107.01
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Yalcin Kaya (Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey), Dr. Valentina Encheva (Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria), Dr. Maria Joiţa-Păcureanu (National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania) for kindly providing the broomrape seeds used in this research.
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Research ethics: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: This study was supported by the National Agency for Research and Development of the Republic of Moldova, project 20.80009.5107.01 “Genetico-molecular and biotechnological studies of the sunflower in the context of sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems”.
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Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [Bivol Ina].
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