Abstract
The aim of this investigation was mainly to evaluate the multi-scale distribution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin in modified Chinese fir and poplar wood. 13C CP/MAS NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Nanoindentation and Imaging Fourier transform infrared microscopy (Imaging FT-IR) were applied to describe the FA resin distribution in wood from bulk to cell wall scale. The results showed that FA resin were mainly located in the cell cavity of Chinese fir tracheids. For poplar, FA resin was mostly deposited in the cavity of fibers and ray cells, while little was found in the adjacent vessels. Lots of pits of wood cells were covered with FA resin which implied a higher risk of drying after wood furfurlation in practical production. Nanoindentation demonstrated that FA resin could easily infiltrate into the wood cell wall because both reduced modulus and hardness of the modified wood cell walls were significantly improved. This conclusion was further supported by the results of imaging FT-IR.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 31770600
Award Identifier / Grant number: 31800474
Funding source: National Key R&D Program of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2017YFD0600803
Funding source: State Special Research Fund of Forestry Public Welfare of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 201404510
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: We are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31800474, no. 31770600) and National Key R&D Program of China (no. 2017YFD0600803), as well as State Special Research Fund of Forestry Public Welfare of China (no. 201404510).
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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