Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) constitutes a specialised form of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays important roles in many biological processes, such as cell migration, organ and tissue integrity, cell polarity, and the formation of metastases. In metazoans, a canonical BM is formed by only a few conserved structural core proteins: Laminin, Collagen IV, Nidogen and Perlecan. Depending on the tissue’s function and mechanical load, additional matrix proteins interact with, or are incorporated into the BM, resulting in tissue-specific mechanical properties, such as higher stiffness or elasticity, or special resistance to mechanical stress or harmful environmental conditions. In flies, the collagen IV-like protein Pericardin forms an integral constituent of matrices around the heart and tension sensors (chordotonal organs) of the peripheral nervous system. The function and integrity of both organ systems strongly relies on the appropriate establishment of a Pericardin (Prc) matrix and the function of its adapter protein—Lonely heart (Loh). In this review, we provide an overview of the four collagens present in flies, and will discuss our recent work on the formation and function of Pericardin-containing matrices, the role of the adapter protein Lonely heart and the necessity of specialised ECM molecules in tissue architecture and function.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: SFB944
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Kai Jürgens for assistance with SEM images.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by funding from the German Research Foundation (SFB 944: Physiology and Dynamics of Cellular Microcompartments) to A. P.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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