Abstract
Y-shape micro-reactor is designed, developed and implemented to investigate the effect of reactor miniaturization on chemical engineering kinetics, where, an esterification reaction of fatty acid (2- ethyl hexanoic acid) is considered as a case study. In order to investigate the differential change of micro-reaction conversion along the channel axis; a micro-reactor with multi-channel is designed in a manner that enables collecting the samples. The kinetics of esterification reaction of ethanol and fatty acid was explored under various operating conditions; Molar Ratio (MR) of ethanol to fatty acid at temperatures 25–65 °C. The conversion reached almost 99.3 % after 30 s at MR 4:1 and 25 °C. Steady and unsteady state axial dispersion mathematical models were developed; the latter approach resulted in fair agreement with the experimental results.
Nomenclatures
- Ni
The mass flux of component i (mol/cm2.s).
- Di
The diffusivity of component i (cm2/s).
- Ci
The concentration of component i (mol/cm3).
- l
The length of micro-channel (cm).
The number of moles of i transferred by convection, mol;
The velocity of flow, cm/s.
- Pe
Peclet number
- Keq298
The equilibrium reaction constant at T=298 K
- Keqo
The initial value of the equilibrium constant.
- ΔG
The difference between the Gibbs free energy of products and reactants, kJ/mol
- ΔH
The difference between the heat of formation of product and reactants, kJ/mol
- T
The reaction temperature; oK.
- R
The universal gas constant, 0.008314 kJ mol–1 K–1
- X
The reaction conversion
Annex (A)
The esterification reaction is represented by:
where; A is the Alcohol, B is the organic acid, E is the ester and W is the water. At equilibrium k (forward reaction constant), kb (backward reaction constant) is equal k/Kquilibrium (backward reaction constant). Therefore,
Solve the quadratic equation
Keq=0.0143,
Xeq=0.155
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