Abstract
Recently, the voltage stability and control of distribution networks become challenges due to the large line impedance, load variations and particularly the presence of distributed generation. This paper presents a coordinated voltage control scheme of distribution systems with distributed generation based on on-load tap changer and shunt capacitors. The problem is to determine the optimal operation of voltage regulation devices to minimize a multi-objective function including power losses, voltage deviations and operation stresses while subject to the allowable voltage ranges, line capacity and switching stresses, etc. The problem is formulated and solved by a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to treat the large-scale and high nonlinearity property. The proposed scheme is applied to a typical 48-bus distribution network in Vietnam. The result of simulation shows that the voltage profile can be improved while the power loss of distribution systems can be reduced significantly.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by Thai Nguyen University of Technology as its project on Smart grid and Distributed generation.
Appendix
Line | Bus i – j | Fij (mm2) | Srated,ij (MVA) | Lij (km) | R0.ij (Ω) | X0.ij (Ω) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 2 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 0.50 | 0.0800 | 0.1900 |
2 | 2 | 3 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 1.10 | 0.1694 | 0.4100 |
3 | 3 | 4 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 1.20 | 0.1848 | 0.4500 |
4 | 4 | 5 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 0.80 | 0.1232 | 0.3000 |
5 | 5 | 6 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 0.50 | 0.0770 | 0.1900 |
6 | 6 | 7 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 0.60 | 0.0924 | 0.2300 |
7 | 7 | 8 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 1.00 | 0.1540 | 0.3800 |
8 | 8 | 9 | AC-185 | 19.43 | 0.40 | 0.0616 | 0.1500 |
9 | 9 | 10 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.80 | 0.6184 | 0.3400 |
10 | 10 | 11 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.80 | 0.6184 | 0.3400 |
11 | 11 | 12 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.40 | 1.0822 | 0.6000 |
12 | 12 | 13 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.30 | 1.0049 | 0.5600 |
13 | 13 | 14 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.90 | 0.6957 | 0.3900 |
14 | 14 | 15 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.60 | 0.4638 | 0.2600 |
15 | 15 | 16 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.70 | 0.5411 | 0.3000 |
16 | 16 | 17 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.40 | 0.3092 | 0.1700 |
17 | 17 | 18 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.30 | 1.0049 | 0.5600 |
18 | 18 | 19 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.80 | 0.6184 | 0.3400 |
19 | 19 | 20 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.40 | 1.0822 | 0.6000 |
20 | 9 | 21 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.40 | 0.1680 | 0.1600 |
21 | 21 | 22 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.30 | 0.1260 | 0.1200 |
22 | 22 | 23 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.30 | 0.1260 | 0.1200 |
23 | 23 | 24 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 1.20 | 0.5040 | 0.4900 |
24 | 24 | 25 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 1.30 | 0.5460 | 0.5300 |
25 | 25 | 26 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.61 | 0.2562 | 0.2500 |
26 | 26 | 27 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.80 | 0.3360 | 0.3300 |
27 | 27 | 28 | AC-70 | 10.1 | 0.30 | 0.1260 | 0.1200 |
28 | 28 | 29 | AC-70 | 10.10 | 0.42 | 0.1764 | 0.1700 |
29 | 29 | 30 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.50 | 0.3865 | 0.2100 |
30 | 30 | 31 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.30 | 0.2319 | 0.1300 |
31 | 31 | 32 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.50 | 0.3900 | 0.2100 |
32 | 32 | 33 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.62 | 0.4800 | 0.2660 |
33 | 33 | 34 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.90 | 0.6957 | 0.3861 |
34 | 34 | 35 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.20 | 0.1546 | 0.0858 |
35 | 5 | 36 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.20 | 0.9276 | 0.5148 |
36 | 36 | 37 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.40 | 0.3092 | 0.1716 |
37 | 21 | 38 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.20 | 0.9276 | 0.5148 |
38 | 38 | 39 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.20 | 0.9276 | 0.5148 |
39 | 39 | 40 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.50 | 0.3865 | 0.2145 |
40 | 26 | 41 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 1.10 | 0.8503 | 0.4719 |
41 | 41 | 42 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.70 | 0.5411 | 0.3003 |
42 | 29 | 43 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.70 | 0.5411 | 0.3003 |
43 | 43 | 44 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.50 | 0.3865 | 0.2145 |
44 | 44 | 45 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.90 | 0.6957 | 0.3861 |
45 | 12 | 46 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.90 | 0.6957 | 0.3861 |
46 | 46 | 47 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.80 | 0.6200 | 0.3432 |
47 | 47 | 48 | AC-35 | 6.67 | 0.70 | 0.5400 | 0.3000 |
Bus | Bus name | PD0 (kW) | QD0 (kVAr) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | TBA 110kV Dan | ||
2 | Dong Quang 1 | 376.00 | 319.64 |
3 | Khach san Dong A | 257.50 | 176.28 |
4 | Luong Ngoc Quyen 1 | 272.00 | 168.57 |
5 | Tinh doi | 172.25 | 144.78 |
6 | Nguyen Hue | 170.00 | 105.36 |
7 | Luong Ngoc Quyen 2 | 148.75 | 92.19 |
8 | Hong Ha | 110.00 | 76.07 |
9 | Cu xa quan khu | 108.80 | 67.43 |
10 | Co khi mo | 210.00 | 116.07 |
11 | Gia suc | 201.08 | 124.74 |
12 | Viet Thai | 306.00 | 189.64 |
13 | Phan Dinh Phung | 159.38 | 98.77 |
14 | Truong VHNT | 306.00 | 189.64 |
15 | Uy ban thanh pho | 238.00 | 147.50 |
16 | Cho Moi | 127.5 | 79.02 |
17 | Bot khoang | 195.2 | 159.00 |
18 | Xuan Hoa | 170.00 | 105.36 |
19 | Dong Tien 2 | 176.16 | 147.20 |
20 | Dan cu tinh doi | 327.50 | 279.02 |
21 | Dong Quang 5 | 261.38 | 161.99 |
22 | Bac Nam 2 | 287.30 | 178.05 |
23 | Be tong | 151.00 | 131.61 |
24 | Nga 3 cho Moi | 148.75 | 92.19 |
25 | Kho bac | 410.00 | 316.07 |
26 | Gia Sang 2 | 170.00 | 105.36 |
27 | Vien set | 206.00 | 189.64 |
28 | Quynh Minh | 410.00 | 316.07 |
29 | Gia Sang 1 | 170.00 | 105.36 |
30 | Cau Loang 1 | 157.25 | 97.45 |
31 | K khi Giang Sang 3 | 407.75 | 330.21 |
32 | Bia Chien Thang | 168.00 | 142.14 |
33 | Cau Loang 2 | 187.04 | 153.94 |
34 | Thai Hung | 404.04 | 364.48 |
35 | K khi Giang Sang 2 | 185.88 | 102.96 |
36 | Bac Nam 1 | 170.00 | 105.36 |
37 | Bac Nam 3 | 238.00 | 147.50 |
38 | Ngan hang nong nghiep | 79.52 | 51.26 |
39 | Nui Tien | 113.52 | 82.33 |
40 | Xuan Quang 1 | 89.80 | 67.43 |
41 | Xuan Quang 2 | 161.20 | 137.93 |
42 | Dong Tien 3 | 162.05 | 138.46 |
43 | Trai Bau 1 | 108.08 | 67.43 |
44 | Trai Bau 2 | 168.00 | 142.14 |
45 | Dan cu gia suc | 177.65 | 110.10 |
46 | Qui bo 1 | 144.85 | 107.67 |
47 | Minh Cau 1 | 172.00 | 108.57 |
48 | Dien Luc | 92.40 | 61.21 |
Total | 9633.58 | 6901.19 |
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