Abstract
A scoping review of published literature and dialogue with international nurse practitioner educators and researchers revealed the education of nurse practitioner students varied within and between countries. This lack of cohesiveness hinders nurse practitioner role development and practice nationally and internationally. A rapid review of grey literature was conducted on nurse practitioner education standards in six countries (Australia, Canada, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, and USA). Data were extracted from graduate level nurse practitioner education programs’ websites from each country (n = 24). Extracted data were verified for accuracy and completeness with a nurse practitioner educator from each program. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Variations in nurse practitioner education within and between countries were explored by comparing admission criteria, curricular content, clinical requirements, teaching methods, and assignment and evaluative methods. The findings will help inform education programs and further research about nurse practitioner education internationally.
References
Alton, S., Luke, S. A., & Wilder, M. (2018). Cost-effective virtual clinical site visits for nurse practitioner students. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(5), 308–311. doi:10.3928/01484834-20180420-11Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Blackwell, C. W., & Felber Neff, D. (2015). Certification and education as determinants of nurse practitioner scope of practice: An investigation of the rules and regulations defining NP scope of practice in the United States. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27, 552–557. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12261Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Bryant-Lukosius, D., Valaitis, R., Martin-Misener, R., Donald, F., Moran Pena, L., & Brousseau, L. (2017). Advanced practice nursing: A strategy for achieving universal health coverage and universal access to health. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem, 25(e2826). doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1677.2826Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Claeys, M., Deplaecie, M., Vanderplancke, T., Delbaere, I., Myny, D., Beeckman, D., & Verhaeghe, S. (2015). The difference in learning culture and learning performance between a traditional clinical placement, a dedicated education unit and work-based learning. Nurse Education Today, 35(9), e70–e77. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.06.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Clark, C. A., Kent, K. A., & Riesner, S. A. (2018). A new approach for solving an old problem in nurse practitioner clinical education. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 14(4), e69–e75. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.01.012Search in Google Scholar
Donald, F., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Martin-Misener, R., Kaasalainen, S., Kilpatrick, K., Carter, N., … DiCenso, A. (2010). Clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners: Title confusion and lack of role clarity. Nursing Leadership, 23(Special issue), 189–210. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2010.22276. Retrieved from http://www.longwoods.com/content/22276Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Hawkins, R. E., Welcher, C. M., Holmboe, E. S., Kirk, L. M., Norcini, J. J., Simons, K. B., & Skochelak, S. E. (2015). Implementation of competency-based medical education: Are we addressing the concerns and challenges? Medical Education, 49, 1086–1102. doi:10.1111/medu.12831Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Heale, R., & Rieck Buckley, C. (2015). An international perspective on advanced practice nursing regulation. International Nursing Review, 62(3), 421–429. doi:10.1111/inr.12193Search in Google Scholar PubMed
International Council of Nurses. (2002). Nurse practitioner/advanced practice nurse: Definition and characteristics. Retrieved from https://international.aanp.org/Practice/APNRolesSearch in Google Scholar
Kooienga, S. A., & Carryer, J. B. (2015). Globalization and advancing primary health care nurse practitioner practice. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(8), 804–811. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.06.012Search in Google Scholar
Martin-Misener, R., Harbman, P., Donald, F., Reid, K., Kilpatrick, K., Carter, N., … DiCenso, A. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of nurse practitioners in primary and outpatient care. BMJ Open, 5(e007167), 1–14. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007167. Retrieved from http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/6/e007167.full.pdf+htmlSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
National Nursing Centers Consortium. (2014). International advanced practice nursing symposium executive summary. Global Advanced Practice Nursing Symposium; July 2014, Philadelphia, PA.Search in Google Scholar
National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties. (2012). Statement on acute care and primary care certified nurse practitioner practice. Retrieved from https://www.pncb.org/sites/default/files/2017-02/NONPF_AC_PC_Statement.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Palese, A., Zabalegui, A., Sigurdardottir, A. K., Bergin, M., Dobrowolska, B., Gasser, C., … Jackson, C. (2014). Bologna process, more or less: Nursing education in the European economic area: A discussion paper. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 11(1), 63–73. doi:10.1515/ijnes-2013-0022Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Petterson, S. M., Liaw, W. R., Phillips, R. L., Rabin, D. L., Meyers, D. S., & Bazemore, A. W. (2012). Projecting US primary care physician workforce needs: 2010-2025. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(6), 503–509. doi:10.1370/afm.1431Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Powell, D. & Carraccio, C. (2018). Toward competency-based medical education. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378(1), 3– 5. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1712900.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Pulcini, J., Jelic, M., Gul, R. & Loke, A. Y. (2010). An international survey on advanced practice nursing education, practice, and regulation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(1), 31–39. DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01322.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Scanlon, A., Smolowitz, J., Honig, J., & Barnes, K. (2015). Building the next generation of advanced practice nurses through clinical evaluation and faculty practice: Three international perspectives. Clinical Scholars Review, 8(2). doi:10.1891/1939-2095.8.2.249Search in Google Scholar
Scheffler, R. M., Liu, J. X., Kinfu, Y., & Dal Poz, M. R. (2008). Forecasting the global shortage of physicians: An economic and needs-based approach. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(7), 516–523. doi:10.2471/BLT.07.046474Search in Google Scholar
Schober, M. & Stewart, D. (2019). Developing a consistent approach to advanced practice nursing worldwide. International Nursing Review, 66(2), 151–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12524. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/inr.12524.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Schumacher, G., & Risco, K. (2016). Nurse practitioner program curriculum development: A competency-based approach. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 13(2), e75–e81. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.10.014Search in Google Scholar
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/resources/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-sustainable-developmentSearch in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
