Bibliography

Accame, S. “Il testamento di C. Cornelio Egriliano e l’arco di Caracalla in Tebessa.” Epigraphica 3 (1941): 237–243.Search in Google Scholar

Alcock, S. and R. Osborne. Classical Archaeology. Malden: Wiley, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

Arata, F. “L’arco di Marco Aurelio a Tripoli (Oea): una nuova ipotesi esegetica.” In L. Bacchielli and M. Aravantinos, editors, Scritti di Antichità in memoria di Sandro Stucchi, vol. II. ( = Studi Miscellanei 29), 9–30. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

Aurigemma, S. “Le fortificazioni della città di Tripoli.” Notiziario Archeologico del Ministero delle Colonie 2 (1916): 217–300.Search in Google Scholar

Aurigemma, S. “L’arco di Marco Aurelio a Tripoli.” BdA 5 (1925): 554–570.Search in Google Scholar

Aurigemma, S. “Il coronamento architettonico dell’Arco di Marco Aurelio a Tripoli.” Africa Italiana 5 (1933): 136–161.Search in Google Scholar

Aurigemma, S. “L’ubicazione e la funzione urbanistica dell’arco quadrifronte di Marco Aurelio e la sopravvivenze italiane, medievali e modern, degli archi quadrifronti.” Quaderni di archeologia della Libia 5 (1967): 65–78.Search in Google Scholar

Aurigemma, S. L’arco quadrifronte di Marco Aurelio e di Lucio Vero in Tripoli. (= LibyaAnt, Suppl. 3). Tripoli: Department of Antiquities, 1970.Search in Google Scholar

Bacchielli, L. “Il testamento di C. Cornelio Egriliano ed il coronamento dell’arco di Caracalla a Tebessa.” In L’Africa Romana: atti del 4. Convegno di studio, 12–14 Dicembre 1986, edited by A. Mastino, 295–321. Sassari: Pubblicazioni del Dipartimento di Storia dell'Università di Sassari, 1987Search in Google Scholar

Barrett, A. A. “Claudius’ British victory arch in Rome.” Britannia 22 (1991): 1–19.10.2307/526627Search in Google Scholar

Bartoccini, R. “L’arco quadrifronte dei Severi a Lepcis.” Africa Italiana 4 (1931): 32–151.Search in Google Scholar

Bartoccini, R. “Il tempio Antonino di Sabratha.” Libya Antiqua 1 (1964): 21–42.Search in Google Scholar

Beschaouch, A. “Thugga, une cité de droit latin sous Marc Aurele.” In Dougga (Thugga). Études épigraphiques edited by M. Khanoussi and L. Maurin, 61–73. Paris: De Boccard, 1997.10.4000/books.ausonius.8760Search in Google Scholar

Birley, A. Septimius Severus: the African emperor. Second edition. London: Routledge, 1999. 10.4324/9780203171455Search in Google Scholar

Boatwright, M. “Antonine Rome. Security in the homeland.” In The Emperor and Rome: space, representation, and ritual, edited by B. Ewald and C. Noreña, 169–197. Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Bol, R. Das Statuenprogramm des Herodes-Atticus-Nymphäums in Olympia. (= Olympische Forschungen 15). Berlin: De Gruyter, 1984. Search in Google Scholar

Boni, G. and L. Mariani. “Relazione intorno al consolidamento ed al repristino dell’Arco di Marco Aurelio in Tripoli.” Notiziario Archeologico del Ministero delle Colonie 1 (1915): 29–34.Search in Google Scholar

Burton, G. “The Roman imperial state, provincial governors, and the public finances of provincial cities 27 B.C. — A.D. 235.” Historia 53 (2004): 311–342.Search in Google Scholar

Ceballos Hornero, A. and D. Ceballos Hornero. “La nominacion de los espectáculos romanos en la epigrafía provincial del Occidente latino.” Emerita 79.1 (2011): 105–130.10.3989/emerita.2011.05.1001Search in Google Scholar

Caputo, G. “Il consolidamento dell’Arco di Marco Aurelio in Tripoli.” Africa Italiana 7 (1940): 46–66.Search in Google Scholar

Carinci, F. “Disegni dell’arco quadrifronte di Marco Aurelio e Lucio Vero a Tripoli, nella Biblioteca del College di Eton.” Quaderni di archeologia della Libia 11 (1980): 83–99.Search in Google Scholar

Cassibry, K. “Provincial patrons and commemorative rivalries: rethinking the Roman arch monument.” Mouseion 8 (2008): 417–450.10.1353/mou.0.0081Search in Google Scholar

Chamberland, G. “The production of shows in the cities of the Roman Empire: a study of the Latin epigraphic evidence.” Ph.D. diss., McMaster University, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

Chamberland, G. “A gladiatorial show produced in sordidam mercedem (Tacitus, Ann. 4.62).” Phoenix 61 (2007): 136–149.Search in Google Scholar

Ciotti, U. “Del coronamento degli archi quadrifronti: gli archi di Tebessa e di Tripoli.” BullCom 72 (1946–1948): 21–42.Search in Google Scholar

Cooley, A. The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 2012.10.1017/CBO9781139020442Search in Google Scholar

Crawley, J. and A. Wilson. “Capitolia.” JRS 103 (2013): 117–173.10.1017/S0075435813000105Search in Google Scholar

Curtis, C. D. “Roman monumental arches.” Supplementary Papers of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome 2 (1908): 26–83.Search in Google Scholar

de Maria, S. Gli archi onorari di Roma e dell’Italia romana. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1988. Search in Google Scholar

de Maria, S. s.v. “Arco onorario e trionfale,” EAA, Suppl. I (1994): 354–377.Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita, A. “La villa della ‘gara delle nereidi’ presso Tagiura: un contributo alla storia del mosaico romano, e altri recenti scavi e scoperte in Tripolitania.” Suppl. to Libya Antiqua 2 (1966): 1–129.Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita, A. “Gli Emporia di Tripolitania dall’ età di Massinissa a Diocleziano: un profile storico-istituzionale.” ANRW II.10.2 (1982): 515–595.10.1515/9783110852950-010Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita, A., G. Di Vita-Evrard and L. Bacchielli. Libya: the lost cities of the Roman Empire. Köln: Konemann, 1999. Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita-Evrard, G. “Un nouveau proconsul d’Afrique, parent de Septime-Sévère: Caius Septimius Severus.” MEFRA 75 (1963): 389–414.10.3406/mefr.1963.8834Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita-Evrard, G. “Quatre inscriptions du Djebel Tarhuna: le territoire de Lepcis Magna.” Quaderni di archeologia della Libia 10 (1979): 67–98.Search in Google Scholar

Di Vita-Evrard, G. “Municipium Flavium Lepcis Magna.” BCTH 17 (1984): 197–210.Search in Google Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R. “Equestrian rank in the cities of the African provinces under the Principate: an epigraphic survey.” PBSR 35 (1967): 147–186.10.1017/S0068246200007625Search in Google Scholar

Edmondson, J. “Cities and urban life in the western provinces of the Roman Empire 30 BCE – 250 CE.” In A Companion to the Roman Empire, edited by D. S. Potter, 250–280. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. 10.1002/9780470996942.ch14Search in Google Scholar

Fant, J. C. “IRT 749 b and the building history of the Hadrianic baths at Lepcis Magna.” ZPE 75 (1988): 291–294.Search in Google Scholar

Faust, S. “Zur Repräsentation des severischen Kaiserhauses im Bildschmuck des Quadrifrons von Lepcis Magna.” In Repräsentationsformen in severischer Zeit, edited by S. Faust and F. Leitmeir, 111–145. Berlin: Antike, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

Faust, S. “Prestige in der Provinz. Zum Bildprogramm des ‘Partherdenkmals’ von Ephesos.” In Ansehenssache. Formen von Prestige in Kulturen des Altertums, edited by B. Christiansen and U. Thaler, 319–352. München: Herbert Utz, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

Fittschen, K. Prinzenbildnisse antoninisher Zeit. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Fittschen, K. and P. Zanker. Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und in den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom. Vol. I. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1983.Search in Google Scholar

Foschi, P. L. and P. G. Pasini, editors. L'Arco di Augusto. Significati e vicende di un grande segno urbano. Rimini: Musei Comunali, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

Frothingham, A. L. “A revised list of Roman memorial and triumphal arches.” AJA 8 (1904): 1–34.10.2307/497017Search in Google Scholar

Fuchs, M. “Staatsideologie und Herrscherpanegyrik. Neue Überlegungen zum Parthermonument von Ephesos.” Jahrbuch des Kunsthistorischen Museums Wien 4–5 (2002–2003): 9–29.Search in Google Scholar

Gascou, J. La politique municipale de l’Empire romain en Afrique proconsulaire de Trajan à Septime Sévère. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1972.Search in Google Scholar

Gascou, J. “La politique municipale de Rome en Afrique du Nord.” ANRW II.10.2 (1982): 136–320.Search in Google Scholar

Gergel, R. A. “Costume as geographic indicator: barbarians and prisoners on cuirassed breastplates.” In The World of Roman Costume, edited by J. L. Sebesta and L. Bonfante, 191–209. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

Glatz, C. and A. Plourde. “Landscape monuments and political competition in Late Bronze Age Anatolia.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 361 (2011): 33–66.10.5615/bullamerschoorie.361.0033Search in Google Scholar

Gorski, G. and J. Packer. The Roman Forum. A reconstruction and architectural guide. New York: Cambridge U. P., 2015.10.1017/CBO9780511894640Search in Google Scholar

Gros, P. L’Architecture Romain. Vol. 1. Third ed. Paris: Editions A. and J. Picard, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

Hales, S. and T. Hodos. Material Culture and Social Identities in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 2010. Search in Google Scholar

Hallett, C.H. The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300. Oxford U. P., 2005.Search in Google Scholar

Haynes, D. E. L. An Archaeological and Historical Guide to the Pre-Islamic Antiquities of Tripolitania. Tripoli: Department of Antiquities, 1956.Search in Google Scholar

Højte, J. Roman Imperial Statue Bases from Augustus to Commodus. Århus: Århus U. P., 2005.Search in Google Scholar

Jones, G. D. B. “Town and city in Tripolitania: studies in origins and development 1969–89.” LibSt 14 (1989): 39–68. 10.1017/S0263718900006622Search in Google Scholar

Kähler, H. s.v. “Triumphbogen (Ehrenbogen).” RE VII.A,1 (1939).Search in Google Scholar

Kovács, P. “Epigraphic records.” In A Companion to Marcus Aurelius, edited by M. van Ackeren, 77–91. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 10.1002/9781118219836.ch5Search in Google Scholar

Kienast, D. Römische Kaisertabelle. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1996. Search in Google Scholar

Kleiner, F. The Arch of Nero in Rome. A study of the Roman honorary arch before and under Nero. Roma: Bretschneider, 1985.Search in Google Scholar

Knibbe, D. “Das ‘Parthermonument’ von Ephesos. (Parthersieg)altar der Artemis (und Kenotaph des L. Verus) an der ‘Triodos.’” Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut-Berichte und Materialien 1 (1991): 5–18.Search in Google Scholar

La Rocca, E. “I relievi minori dell’arco di Settimio Severo a Leptis Magna. Una proposta di recostruzione.” Prospettiva 43 (1985): 2–11.Search in Google Scholar

Laurence, R., S. Esmonde Cleary and G. Sears. The City in the Roman West: c. 250 B.C.-AD 250. Cambridge: Cambridge U. P., 2011. 10.1017/CBO9780511975882Search in Google Scholar

Letronne, A. “L’arc de triomphe de Théveste.” RA 4 (1847): 360–374.Search in Google Scholar

Lezine, A. “Tripoli. Notes archéologiques.” LA 5 (1972): 55–67.10.1086/365823Search in Google Scholar

Liverani, P. “Il cosidetto monument partico di Lucio Vero. Problemi di interpretazione e di cronologia.” In 100 Jähre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos. Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, edited by H. Friesinger and F. Krinzinger, 639–645. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

MacKendrick, P. The North African Stones Speak. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1980.Search in Google Scholar

Marelli, M. “Relazione al progetto di sistemazione dell’arco di Marco Aurelio in Tripoli e di restauro del fonduchi arabi.” Africa Italiana 5 (1933): 162–171.Search in Google Scholar

Mathea-Förtsch, M. Römische Rankenpfeiler und -Pilaster: Schmuckstützen mit vegetabilem Dekor vornehmlich aus Italien und den westlichen Provinzen. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Mattingly, D. Tripolitania. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1994.10.4324/9780203481011Search in Google Scholar

Mattingly, D. and R. Bruce Hitchner. “Roman Africa: an archaeological review.” JRS 85 (1995): 165–213.10.2307/301062Search in Google Scholar

Meneghini, R. I Fori Imperiali e I Mercati di Traiano. Storia e descrizione dei monumenti alla luce degli studi e degli scavi recenti. Roma: Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 2009. Search in Google Scholar

Meunier, J. “L’arc de Caracalla à Théveste.” RevAfr 82 (1938): 84–106.Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, M. “Der Kaiser, Apollon-Helios und die Stadt. Zur Interpretation der Reliefs mit Wagenfahrt.” In Das Partherdenkmal von Ephesos. Akten des Kolloquiums Wien 27–28 April 2003, edited by W. Seipel, 129–141. Wien: Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Meyers, R. “Representations of the Antonine empresses on the nymphaeum at Olympia.” Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia 12 (2009): 37–53.10.5617/acta.5754Search in Google Scholar

Meyers, R. “Reconsidering opportunities for female benefactors in the Roman Empire: Julia Antonia Eurydice and the gerontikon at Nysa.” AntCl 81 (2012): 145–159.10.3406/antiq.2012.3816Search in Google Scholar

Micacchi, R. “L’arco di Marco Aurelio in Tripoli e la sistemazione della zona adiacente.” Rivista della Colonie Italiane 7 (1934): 824–839.Search in Google Scholar

Mühlenbrock, J. Tetrapylon. Zur Geschichte des viertorigen Bogenmonumentes in der römischen Architektur. Münster: Scriptorium, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

Oberleitner, W. “Das Partherdenkmal von Ephesos.” In 100 Jähre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos. Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, edited by H. Friesinger and F. Krinzinger, 619–631. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Oberleitner, W. Das Partherdenkmal von Ephesos. Ein Siegesmonument für Lucius Verus und Marcus Aurelius. Wien: Kunsthistorischen Museums, 2009. Search in Google Scholar

Pensabene, P. “La Porta Oea e l’Arco di Marco Aurelio a Leptis Magna: contributo alla definizione dei marmi e del loro costo, delle Officine e delle committenze.” Quaderni di archeologia della Libia 18 (2003): 341–367.Search in Google Scholar

Pensabene, P. “Programmi decorative e architettura del tempio di Antonino e Faustina al Foro Romano.” In Scritti di Antichità in memoria di Sandro Stucchi, vol. 2. (= Studi Miscellanei 29), edited by L. Bacchielli and M. Bonanno Aravantinos, 239–269. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

Picard, G. C. Les Trophées Romains. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1957.Search in Google Scholar

Picard, G. C. “Influences étrangères et originalité dans l’Art de l’Afrique romaine sous les Antonines et les Sévères.” Antike Kunst 5 (1961–1962): 30–41.Search in Google Scholar

Roussin, L. “Costume in Roman Palestine: archaeological remains and the evidence from the Mishnah.” In The World of Roman Costume, edited by J. L. Sebesta and L. Bonfante, 182–190. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

Russell, B. The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade. Oxford: Oxford U. P., 2013. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656394.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Severy, Beth. “Family and state in the early Imperial monarchy: the Senatus Consultum de Pisone Patre, Tabula Siarensis, and Tabula Hebana.” Classical Philology 95 (2000): 318–337.10.1086/449500Search in Google Scholar

Sherwin-White, A. N. Roman Citizenship. Second ed. Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1973. Search in Google Scholar

Smith, R. R. R. “A new shield portrait from Izmir.” RömMitt 102 (1995): 331–339.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, R. R. R. The Marble Reliefs from the Julio-Claudian Sebasteion. Darmstadt/Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1973. Search in Google Scholar

Squarciapino, M. La scuola di Afrodisia. Roma: Governatorato di Roma, 1943. Search in Google Scholar

Strocka, V. M. “Beobachtungen an den Attikareliefs des severischen Quadrifrons von Lepcis Magna.” AntAfr 5 (1972): 147–172. 10.3406/antaf.1972.936Search in Google Scholar

Stucchi, S. Divagazioni Archeologici: di un pre-arco insussistente. Di quattro colonne di Caristio vol. II. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1981.Search in Google Scholar

Syme, R. “Rival cities, notably Tarraco and Barcino.” Ktema 6 (1981): 271–285.10.3406/ktema.1981.1851Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, E. Monumentality and the Roman Empire. Architecture in the Antonine age. Oxford: Oxford U. P., 2007.10.1093/oso/9780199288632.003.0018Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, E. and C. Witschel. “Constructing reconstruction: claim and reality of Roman building inscriptions from the Latin West.” PBSR 60 (1992): 135–177.10.1017/S0068246200009818Search in Google Scholar

Thomasson, B. Fasti Africani, Senatorische und ritterliche Amtsträger in der römischen Provinzen Nordafrikas von Augustus bis Diokletian. Roma: Svenska institutet i Rom, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

Townsend, P. W. “The significance of the Arch of the Severi at Lepcis.” AJA 42 (1938): 512–524.10.2307/499184Search in Google Scholar

Toynbee, J. M. C. and J. B. Ward-Perkins. “A Hellenistic motif in Imperial art.” PBSR 18 (1950): 1–43.10.1017/S0068246200006139Search in Google Scholar

Tran, N. “Les Finances des cites de Lepcis Magna, Sabratha et Oea.” MEFRA 119 (2007): 427–434.10.3406/mefr.2007.10398Search in Google Scholar

von Hesberg, H. “Bogenmonumente der frühen Kaiserzeit und des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. vom Ehrenbogen zum Festtor.” In Die Römische Stadt im 2. Jahrhundert N. Chr.: Der Funktionswandel des öffentlichen Raumes, edited by H.-J. Schalles, H. von Hesberg and P. Zanker, 277–299. Köln: Rheinland, 1992.Search in Google Scholar

Walda, H. M. “Provincial art in Roman Tripolitania.” In Town and Country in Roman Tripolitania: papers in honour of Olwen Hackett, edited by D. J. Buck and D. J. Mattingly, 47–66. Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1985.Search in Google Scholar

Walda, H. M. and S. Walker. “The art and architecture of Lepcis Magna: marble origins by isotopic analysis.” Libyan Studies 15 (1984): 81–92.10.1017/S026371890000755XSearch in Google Scholar

Wandsnider, L. “’Fighting over a shadow?’: Hellenistic Greek cities and Greco-Roman cities as fora and media for multi-level signaling.” In Urban Dreams, Urban Realities, edited by A. Kemezis, 69–98. Leiden: Brill, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

Ward-Perkins, J. B. “Tripolitania and the marble trade.” JRS 41 (1951): 89–104.10.2307/298102Search in Google Scholar

Ward-Perkins, J. B. “Nicomedia and the marble trade.” PBSR 35 (1980): 23–69.10.1017/S0068246200008357Search in Google Scholar

Ward-Perkins, J. B. “Town planning in North Africa during the first two centuries of the empire.” In 150 Jahr-Feier Deutsches Achäologisches Institut Rom, 36–43. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1982.Search in Google Scholar

Wegner, M. Die Herrscherbilder antoninischer Zeit. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1939.Search in Google Scholar

Wegner, M. “Verzeichnis der Kaiserbildnisse von Antoninus Pius bis Commodus, II. Teil.” Boreas 3 (1980): 12–116.Search in Google Scholar

Winkes, R. Clipeata Imago. Studien zur einer römischen Bildnisform. Bonn: R. Habelt, 1969.Search in Google Scholar

Woolf, G. “Monumental writing and the expansion of Roman society in the early Empire.” JRS 86 (1996): 22–3910.1017/S0075435800057415Search in Google Scholar