Abstract
Over the past several decades there has been recurrent skeptism concerning cyclic derivations in phonology, one of the most central tenets of traditional generative and lexical phonology and morphology. In this paper I draw on original data from Lulamogi, a previously almost unstudied Bantu language of Uganda, to show that the most insightful analysis of some rather unusual vowel length alternations requires either cyclicity or global reference to internal morphological structure, specifically the difference between stem vs. prefix V+V sequences. After documenting the vowel length properties in some detail I consider several analyses, opting for a stratal account which neatly mirrors the traditional Bantu stem, word, and phrasal domains.
References
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2011. Cyclicity. In Marc Van Oostendorp, Colin Ewen, Elizabeth Hume & Keren Rice (eds.), The Blackwell companion to phonology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0085Search in Google Scholar
Botne, Robert Dale. 1998. Prosodically-conditioned vowel shortening in Chindali. Studies in African Linguistics 27. 97–121.10.32473/sal.v27i1.107386Search in Google Scholar
Clements, G. Nick 1986. Compensatory lengthening and consonant gemination in LuGanda. In Leo Wetzels & Engin Sezer (eds.), Studies in compensatory lengthening, 37–77. Dordrecht: Foris.10.1515/9783110821666-004Search in Google Scholar
Cole, Desmond T. 1967. Some features of Ganda linguistic structure. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Dalgish, Gerald M. 1974. Arguments for a unified treatment of y-initial and vowel-initial roots in OluTsootso. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 4. 76–90.Search in Google Scholar
Davis, Stuart. 1988. Syllable onsets as a factor in stress rules. Phonology 5. 1–19.10.1017/S0952675700002177Search in Google Scholar
Downing, Laura J. 1991. Jita glide epenthesis and the Maximality Principle. In Kathleen Hubbard (ed.), Special Session on African Language Structures, Berkeley Linguistic Society 17, 74–86.Search in Google Scholar
Downing, Laura J. 1998. On the prosodic misalignment of onsetless syllables. NLLT 16. 1–52.Search in Google Scholar
Downing, Laura J. 1999. Prosodic stem ≠ prosodic word in Bantu. In T. Alan Hall & Ursula Kleinhenz (eds.), Studies on the phonological word, 73–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.174.05dowSearch in Google Scholar
Downing, Laura J. 2004. What African languages tell us about accent typology. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 37. 101–136.10.21248/zaspil.37.2004.247Search in Google Scholar
Eynde, Karel van den. 1960. Fonologie en morfologie van het Cokwe. Leuven; Louvain: Doctoral dissertation, Université catholique de Louvain.Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. 1978. Tone and/or accent. In Donna Jo Napoli (ed.), Elements of tone, stress and intonation, 1–20. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. 2003. Basaá. In Derek Nurse & Gérard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu languages, 257–282. London: Routledge/Curzon.Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. 2013. Penultimate lengthening in Bantu. In Balthasar Bickel, Lenore A. Grenoble, David A. Peterson & Alan Timberlake (eds.), Language typology and historical contingency: In honor of Johanna Nichols, 309–330. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.104.14hymSearch in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. 2014. Tonal melodies in the Lulamogi verb. Africana Linguistica 20. 163–180.10.3406/aflin.2014.1029Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. & Sharon Inkelas, with Fred Jenga. 2017. “Multiple exponence in the Lusoga verb stem”. In Claire Bowern, Laurence Horn & Raffaella Zanuttini (eds.) On looking into Words (and beyond), 171–188. Berlin: Language Science Press.10.5070/P7121040725Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. & Francis X. Katamba. 1990. Final vowel shortening in Luganda. Studies in African Linguistics 21. 1–59.10.32473/sal.v21i1.107438Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. & Francis X. Katamba 1993. A new approach to tone in Luganda. Language 69. 34–67.10.2307/416415Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. & Francis X. Katamba. 1999. The syllable in Luganda phonology and morphology. In Harry van der Hulst & Nancy Ritter (eds.), The syllable: Views and facts, 349–416. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110806793.349Search in Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. & John Merrill. 2016. Morphology, irregularity, and Bantu frication: The case of Lulamogi. In Jean-Léo Léonard & Daniel Petit (eds.), Actualité des Néogrammariens, Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, 139–157. Paris: Peeters.10.5070/P70DQ5T184Search in Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul 1982. Lexical morphology and phonology. In I.-S. Yang (ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm, 3–91. Seoul: Hanshin.Search in Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul. 2000. Opacity and cyclity. The Linguistic Review 17. 351–367.10.1515/tlir.2000.17.2-4.351Search in Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul. 2013. On the empirical bases of phonological typology. Paper presented at the Workshop on Phonological Typology, Somerville College, University of Oxford, August 11–13, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Kutsch Lojenga, Constance. 2007. Minimality and morae in Malila (M.24). In Doris L. Payne & Jaime Peña (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 77–87. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceeding Project.Search in Google Scholar
Meeussen, A. E. 1967. Bantu grammatical reconstructions. Tervuren: Annales du Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale. Série 8°, 61, no. 81–121.Search in Google Scholar
Mutaka, Ngessimo & Larry M. Hyman. 1990. Syllables and morpheme integrity in Kinande reduplication. Phonology 7. 73–119.10.1017/S0952675700001123Search in Google Scholar
Nabirye, Minah. 2013. Confronting Busoga with Lusoga: What is the relationship between Lutenga, Lulamoogi, Lusiginhi and Lunyole? Paper presented at Conference on African Languages, Leiden. Powerpoint, Department of Languages & Cultures, Ghent University.Search in Google Scholar
Odden, David. 1995. The status of onsetless syllables in Kikerewe. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics 47. 89–110.Search in Google Scholar
Odden, David. 2006. Minimality and onsetless syllables in Zinza. Phonology 23. 431–441.10.1017/S095267570600100XSearch in Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca. 2013. The role of free bases in cyclic phonology. Colloquium, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, April 15, 2013. Handout.Search in Google Scholar
Stevick, E. W. 1969. Pitch and duration in Ganda. Journal of African Languages 8. 1–28.Search in Google Scholar
Topintzi, Nina. 2010. Onsets: Suprasegmental and prosodic behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511750700Search in Google Scholar
Tucker, A. N. 1962. The syllable in Luganda: A prosodic account. Journal of African Languages 1. 122–166.Search in Google Scholar
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston