Phytonutrients as therapeutic agents

References

1. GuptaC, PrakashD, GuptaS. Relationships between bioactive food components and their health benefits. In: MartirosyanDM, editor. Introduction to functional food science textbook, 1st ed. USA: Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2013:66–85.Search in Google Scholar

2. BagchiD. Nutraceuticals and functional foods regulationsin the United States and around the world. Toxicol2006;221:1–3.10.1016/j.tox.2006.01.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

3. BergerMM, ShenkinA. Vitamins and trace elements: practical aspects of supplementation. Nutrition2006;22:952–5.10.1016/j.nut.2006.06.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. RamaaCS, ShirodeAR, MundadaAS, KadamVJ.Nutraceuticals- an emerging era in the treatment andprevention of cardiovascular diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol2006;7:15–23.10.2174/138920106775789647Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. BrowerV. Nutraceuticals: poised for a healthy slice of the healthcare market?Nat Biotechnol1998;16:728–31.10.1038/nbt0898-728Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. PrakashD, GuptaKR. The antioxidant phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance. The Open Nutraceuticals J2009;2:20–35.10.2174/1876396000902010020Search in Google Scholar

7. PrakashD, GuptaC. Role of phytoestrogens as nutraceuticals in human health. Pharmacol online2011;1:510–23.Search in Google Scholar

8. WhitmanM. Understanding the perceived need forcomplementary and alternative nutraceuticals: lifestyle issues. Clin J Oncol Nurs2001;5:190–4.Search in Google Scholar

9. ZeiselSH. Regulation of nutraceuticals. Sci1999;285:185–6.10.1126/science.285.5435.1853Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. GidleyMJ. Naturally functional foods-challenges and opportunities. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr2004;13:31.Search in Google Scholar

11. CieslikE, GredaA, AdamusW. Contents of polyphenols in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem2006;94:135–42.10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.015Search in Google Scholar

12. KatalinicV, MilosM, KulisicT, JukicM. Screening of70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chem2006;94:550–7.10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.004Search in Google Scholar

13. PrakashD, KumarN. Cost effective natural antioxidants. In: WatsonRR, GeraldJK, PreedyVR, editors. Nutrients, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. USA: Humana Press, Springer, 2011:163–88.Search in Google Scholar

14. PackerL, WeberSU. The role of vitamin E in theemerging field of nutraceuticals. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001:27–43.10.1201/9780203908174.ch2Search in Google Scholar

15. ScalbertA, ManachC, MorandC, RemesyC. Dietarypolyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr2005;45:287–306.10.1080/1040869059096Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. LeiroJ, AlvarezE, ArranzJA, LagunaR, UriarteE, OralloF. Effects of cis-resveratrol on inflammatory murine macrophages: antioxidant activity and down regulation ofinflammatory genes. J Leukoc Biol2004;75:1156–65.10.1189/jlb.1103561Search in Google Scholar

17. AggarwalBB, ShishodiaS. Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol2006;71:1397–421.10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.009Search in Google Scholar

18. RahmanI, BiswasSK, KirkhamPA. Regulation ofinflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols. Biochem Pharmacol2006;72:1439–52.10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.004Search in Google Scholar

19. ChangF, LeeJT, NavolanicPM, SteelmanLS, SheltonJG, BlalockWL, et al. Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and neoplastictransformation: a target for cancer chemotherapy. Leukemia2003;17:590–603.10.1038/sj.leu.2402824Search in Google Scholar

20. LiY, SarkarFH. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B activation in PC3 cells by genistein is mediated via akt signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res2002;7:2369–77.Search in Google Scholar

21. TangFY, NguyenN, MeydaniM. Green tea catechins inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro through suppression of VE-cadherin phosphorylation and inactivation of akt molecule. Int J Cancer2003;106:871–8.10.1002/ijc.11325Search in Google Scholar

22. GerhauserC, KlimoK, HeissE, NeumannI, Gamal-EldeenA, KnauftJ, et al. Mechanism-based in vitro screening ofpotential cancer chemopreventive agents. Mutat Res2003;523–524:163–72.10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00332-9Search in Google Scholar

23. BabuPV, LiuD. Green tea catechins and cardiovascular health: an update. Curr Med Chem2008;15:1840–50.10.2174/092986708785132979Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

24. LabinskyyN, CsiszarA, VeressG, StefG, PacherP, OrosziG, et al. Vascular dysfunction in aging: potential effects of resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory phytoestrogen. Curr Med Chem2006;13:989–96.10.2174/092986706776360987Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

25. KowalskiJ, SamojednyA, PaulM, PietszG, WilczokT. Effect of apigenin, kaempferol and resveratrol on the expression of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes in J774. 2 macrophages. Pharmacol Rep2005;57:390–4.Search in Google Scholar

26. RiosLY, GonthierMP, RemesyC, MilaI, LapierreC, LazarusSA, et al. Chocolate intake increases urinary excretion of polyphenol derived phenolic acids in healthy human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr2003;77:912–18.10.1093/ajcn/77.4.912Search in Google Scholar PubMed

27. NicholsJA, KatiyarSK. Skin photoprotection by natural polyphenols: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and DNA repair mechanisms. Arch Dermatol Res2010;302:71–83.10.1007/s00403-009-1001-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

28. ThollD. Terpene synthases and the regulation, diversity and biological roles of terpene metabolism. Curr Opin Plant Biol2006;9:297–304.10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.014Search in Google Scholar

29. BohlmannJ, KeelingCI. Terpenoid biomaterials. Plant J2008;54:656–69.10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03449.xSearch in Google Scholar

30. LangenheimJH. Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentricoverview of their ecological roles. J Chem Ecol1994;20:1223–80.10.1007/BF02059809Search in Google Scholar

31. SinghM, PalM, SharmaRP. Biological activity of the labdane diterpenes. Planta Med1999;65:2–8.10.1055/s-1999-13952Search in Google Scholar

32. PaduchR, Kandefer-SzerszenM, TrytekM, TerpenesFJ. Substances useful in human healthcare. Arch Immunol Ther Exp2007;55:315–27.10.1007/s00005-007-0039-1Search in Google Scholar

33. WagnerKH, ElmadfaI. Biological relevance of terpenoids. Overview focusing on mono, di-, and tetraterpenes. Ann Nutr Metabol2003;47:95–106.10.1159/000070030Search in Google Scholar

34. LeeS, PetersonCJ, CoatsJR. Fumigation toxicity of mono-terpenoids to several stored product insects. J Stored Prod Res2003;39:77–85.10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00020-6Search in Google Scholar

35. ValenzanoDR, TerzibasiE, GenadeT, CattaneoA, DomeniciL, CellerinoA. Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. Curr Biol2006;16:296–300.10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. WangSY, ChenC, WangCY, ChenP. Resveratrol content in strawberry fruit is affected by pre-harvest conditions. J Agric Food Chem2007;55:8269–74.10.1021/jf071749xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

37. BurnsJ, YokotaT, AshiharaH, LeanME, CrozierA. Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. J Agri Food Chem2002;50:3337–40.10.1021/jf0112973Search in Google Scholar PubMed

38. De RuvoC, AmodioR, AlgeriS, MartelliN, IntilangeloA,D’AnconaGM, et al. Nutritional antioxidants asanti-degenerative agents. Int J Dev Neurosci2000;18:359–66.10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00011-3Search in Google Scholar

39. PendurthiUR, WilliamsJT, RaoLV. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in wine, inhibits tissue factor expression in vascular cells: a possible mechanism for the cardiovascular benefits associated with moderate consumption of wine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1999;19:419–26.10.1161/01.ATV.19.2.419Search in Google Scholar

40. Pozo-GuisadoE, Alvarez-BarrientosA, Mulero-NavarroS,Santiago-JosefatB, Fernandez-SalgueroPM. Theanti-proliferative activity of resveratrol results in apoptosisin MCF-7 but not in MDAMB-231 human breast cancer cells: cell-specific alteration of the cell cycle. Biochem Pharmacol2002;64:1375–86.10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01296-0Search in Google Scholar

41. KimYA, ChoiBT, LeeYT, ParkDI, RheeSH, ParkKY, et al. Resveratrol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosisof human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Oncol Rep2004;11:441–6.10.3892/or.11.2.441Search in Google Scholar

42. TsengSH, LinSM, ChenJC, SuYH, HuangHY, ChenCK, et al. Resveratrol suppresses the angiogenesis and tumor growth of gliomas in rats. Clin Cancer Res2004;10:2190–202.10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0105Search in Google Scholar

43. GusmanJ, MalonneH, AtassiG. A reappraisal of the potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of resveratrol. Carcinogenesis2001;22:1111–17.10.1093/carcin/22.8.1111Search in Google Scholar

44. BusquetsS, AmetllerE, FusterG, OlivanM, RaabV, ArgilesJM, et al. Resveratrol, a natural diphenol, reduces metastatic growth in an experimental cancer model. Cancer Lett2006;245:144–8.10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.035Search in Google Scholar

45. CroteauR, KutchanTM, LewisNG. Natural products (secondary metabolites). In: BuchananB, GruissemW, JoneasR, editors. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists, 2000:1250–68.Search in Google Scholar

46. BurdaS, OleszekW. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem2001;49:2774–9.10.1021/jf001413mSearch in Google Scholar

47. KumarS, AndyA. Health promoting bioactive chemicals from brassica. Int Food Res J2012;19:141–52.Search in Google Scholar

48. HodekP, TrebilP, StiborovaM. Flavonoids- potent andversatile biologically active compounds interacting withcytochromes. Chem Biol Interact2002;139:1–21.10.1016/S0009-2797(01)00285-XSearch in Google Scholar

49. MillerNJ, LarreaMB. Flavonoids and other plant phenols in the diet: their significance as antioxidants. J Nutr Environ Med2002;12:39–51.10.1080/13590840220123352Search in Google Scholar

50. SharmaG, PrakashD, GuptaC. Phytochemicals ofnutraceutical importance: do they defend against diseases? In: PrakashD, SharmaG, editors. Phytochemicals ofnutraceutical importance. UK: CABI International Publishers, 2014:1–19.Search in Google Scholar

51. NichenametlaSN, TaruscioTG, BarneyDL, ExonJH. A review of the effects and mechanism of polyphenolics in cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr2006;46:161–83.10.1080/10408390591000541Search in Google Scholar

52. KoKP, ParkSK, ParkB. Isoflavones from phytoestrogens and gastric cancer risk: a nested case-control study within the Korean multicenter cancer cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2010;19:1292–300.10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1004Search in Google Scholar

53. MessinaM, Erdman Jr J, SetchellKD. Introduction to and perspectives from the fifth international symposium on the role of soy in preventing and treating chronic disease. J Nutr2004;134:1205S–6S.10.1093/jn/134.5.1205SSearch in Google Scholar

54. ZengH, ChenQ, ZhaoB. Genistein ameliorates β-amyloid peptide (25–35)- induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Free Rad Biol Med2004;36:180–8.10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.10.018Search in Google Scholar

55. GilesD, WeiH. Effect of structurally related flavones/isoflavones on hydrogen peroxide production and oxidative DNA damage in phorbol ester-stimulated HL-60 cells. Nutr Cancer1997;29:77–82.10.1080/01635589709514605Search in Google Scholar

56. PatelRP, BoersmaBJ, CrawfordJH, HoggN, KirkM,KalyanaramanB, et al. Antioxidant mechanisms of isoflavones in lipid systems: paradoxical effects of peroxyl radical scavenging. Free Rad Biol Med2001;31:1570–81.10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00737-7Search in Google Scholar

57. DuttaD, ChaudhuriUR, ChakrabortyR. Structure, healthbenefits, antioxidant property and processing and storage of carotenoids. Afr J Biotechnol2005;4:1510–20.Search in Google Scholar

58. BrittonG, Liaaen-JemsenS, CarotenoidsPH. Biosynthesis and metabolism. Basel, Switzerland: Birkauser Verlag, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

59. KrinskyNI. Antioxidant functions of carotenoids. Free Rad Biol Med1989;7:617–35.10.1016/0891-5849(89)90143-3Search in Google Scholar

60. JohnsonEJ. The role of carotenoids in human health. Nutr Clin Care2002;5:47–9.Search in Google Scholar

61. ElliottR. Mechanisms of genomic and non-genomic actions of carotenoids. Biochim Biophys Acta2005;1740:147–54.10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

62. Ribaya-MercadoJD, BlumbergJB. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr2004;23:567S–87S.10.1080/07315724.2004.10719427Search in Google Scholar PubMed

63. PrakashD, DhakareyR, MishraA. Carotenoids: thephytochemicals of nutraceutical importance. Indian J Agric Biochem2004;17:1–8.Search in Google Scholar

64. StahlW. Bioactivity and protective effects of naturalcarotenoids. Biochim Biophys Acta2005;1740:101–7.10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

65. JewellC, O’BrienNM. Effect of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of the rat. Br J Nutr1999;81:235–42.10.1017/S0007114599000434Search in Google Scholar

66. PaivaS, RussellR. Beta carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. J Am Coll Nutr1999;18:426–33.10.1080/07315724.1999.10718880Search in Google Scholar

67. KlebanovGI, KapitanovAB, TeselkinYO, BabenkovaIV,ZhambalovaBA, LyubitskyOB, et al. The antioxidantproperties of lycopene. Membr Cell Biol1998;12:287–300.Search in Google Scholar

68. RaoAV, ShenH. Effect of low dose lycopene intake onlycopene bioavailability and oxidative stress. Nutr Res2002;22:1125–31.10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00430-XSearch in Google Scholar

69. NeumanI, NahumH, Ben-AmotzA. Reduction ofexercise-induced asthma oxidative stress by lycopene, anatural antioxidant. Allergy2000;55:1184–9.10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00748.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

70. SrinivasanM, SudhearAR, PillaiKR, KumarPR, SudhakaranR, MenonVP. Lycopene as a natural protector against gamma radiation induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in primary culture of isolated rat’s hepatocytes in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta2007;177:659–65.10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.11.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

71. GitenayD, LyanB, RambeauM, MazurA, RockE.Comparison of lycopene and tomato effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin E deficient rats. Eur J Nutr2007;46:468–75.10.1007/s00394-007-0687-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed

72. OzakiY, AyanoS, InabaN, MiyakeM, BerhowMA,HasegawaS. Limonoid glucosides in fruit, juice andprocessing by-products of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcov.). J Food Sci1995;60:186–9.10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05634.xSearch in Google Scholar

73. LamLK, ZhangJ, HasegawaS. Citrus limonoid reduction of chemically induced tumorigenesis. Food Technol1994;48:104–8.Search in Google Scholar

74. LamLK, HasegawaS. Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in mice by citrus limonoids. Nutr Cancer1989;12:43–7.10.1080/01635588909513999Search in Google Scholar PubMed

75. JohnS, SorokinAV, ThompsonPD. Phytosterols and vascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol2007;18:35–40.10.1097/MOL.0b013e328011e9e3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

76. Von BergmannK, SudhopT, LutjohannD. Cholesterol and plant sterol absorption: recent insights. Am J Cardiol2005;96:10D–14D.10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

77. DillardCJ, GermanJB. Review phytochemicals:nutraceuticals and human health. J Sci Food Agric2000;80:1744–56.10.1002/1097-0010(20000915)80:12<1744::AID-JSFA725>3.0.CO;2-WSearch in Google Scholar

78. MorabitoN, CrisafulliA, VergaraC, GaudioA, LascoA, FrisinaN, et al. Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: arandomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Bone Mineral Res2002;17:1904–12.10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.10.1904Search in Google Scholar

79. MenseSM, HeiTK, GanjuRK. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer prevention: possible mechanisms of action. Environ Health Perspect2008;116:426–33.10.1289/ehp.10538Search in Google Scholar

80. DipR, LenzS, GmuenderH. Pleiotropic combinatorialtranscriptomes of human breast cancer cells exposed to mixtures of dietary phytoestrogens. Food Chem Toxicol2009;47:787–95.10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.008Search in Google Scholar

81. SakamotoT, HoriguchiH, OgumaE. Effects of diverse dietary phytoestrogens on cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem2010;21:856–64.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.010Search in Google Scholar

82. FremontL. Biological effects of resveratrol. Life Sci2000;66:663–73.10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00410-5Search in Google Scholar

83. CornwellT, CohickW, RaskinI. Dietary phytoestrogens and health. Phytochemistry2004;65:995–1016.10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.03.005Search in Google Scholar

84. CosP, De BruyneT, ApersS, Vanden BergheD, PietersL, VlietinckAJ. Phytoestrogens: recent developments. Planta Med2003;69:589–99.10.1055/s-2003-41122Search in Google Scholar

85. WisemanH. The bioavailability of non-nutrient plant factors: dietary flavonoids and phyto-oestrogens. Proc Nutr Soc1999;58:139–46.10.1079/PNS19990019Search in Google Scholar

86. FaheyJW, WehageSL, HoltzclawWD, KenslerTW, EgnerPA, ShapiroTA, et al. Protection of humans by plant glucosinolates: efficiency of conversion of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates by the gastrointestinal microflora. Cancer Prev Res2012;5:603–11.10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0538Search in Google Scholar

87. OerlemansK, BarrettDM, Bosch SuadesC, VerkerkR, DekkerM. Thermal degradation of glucosinolates in red cabbage. Food Chem2006;95:19–29.10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.013Search in Google Scholar

88. JefferyEH, ArayaM. Physiological effects of broccoliconsumption. Phytochem Rev2009;8:283–98.10.1007/s11101-008-9106-4Search in Google Scholar

89. CarteaME, VelascoP. Glucosinolates in brassica foods:bioavailability in food and significance for human health. Phytochem Rev2008;7:213–29.10.1007/s11101-007-9072-2Search in Google Scholar

90. TrakaM, MithenR. Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and human health. Phytochem Rev2009;8:269–82.10.1007/s11101-008-9103-7Search in Google Scholar

91. HayesJD, KelleherMO, EgglestonIM. The cancerchemopreventive actions of phytochemicals derived from glucosinolates. Eur J Nutr2008;47:73–88.10.1007/s00394-008-2009-8Search in Google Scholar

92. ConawayCC, GetachunSM, LiebesLL, PusateriDJ, TophanDK, Botero-OmaryM, et al. Disposition of glucosinolates and sulphoraphanes in human after ingestion of steam and fresh broccoli. Nutr Cancer2001;38:168–78.10.1207/S15327914NC382_5Search in Google Scholar

93. VigAP, RampalG, SinghTS, AroraS. Bioprotective effects of glucosinolates – A review. LWT – Food Sci Technol2009;42:1561–72.10.1016/j.lwt.2009.05.023Search in Google Scholar

94. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. National Academy Press, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

95. PawloskyRJ, HibbelnJR, NovotnyJA, Salem Jr N. Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res2001;42:1257–65.10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31576-5Search in Google Scholar

96. MiggianoGA, GagliardiL. Diet, nutrition and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ter2005;156:115–23.Search in Google Scholar

97. ZakA, TyrzickaE. Pathophysiology and clinical significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 family [in Czech]. Cas Lék Cesk2005;144:6–18.Search in Google Scholar

98. MoriTA, BeilinLJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep2004;6:461–7.10.1007/s11883-004-0087-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

99. SimopoulosAP, LeafA, Salem Hr N. Workshop statement on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids2000;63:119–21.10.1054/plef.2000.0176Search in Google Scholar PubMed

100. ChoungMG, BaekIY, KangST, BaekIY, KangST, HanWY, et al. Isolation and determination of anthocyanins in seed coats of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). J Agric Food Chem2001;49:5848–51.10.1021/jf010550wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

101. Zafra-StoneS, YasminT, BagchiM, ChatterjeeA, VinsonJA, BagchiD. Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res2007;51:675–83.10.1002/mnfr.200700002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

102. XiaX, LingW, MaJ, XiaM, HouM, WangQ, et al. Ananthocyanin-rich extract from black rice enhancesatherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoproteinE-deficient mice. J Nutr2006;136:2220–5.10.1093/jn/136.8.2220Search in Google Scholar PubMed

103. QinY, XiaM, MaJ, HaoY, LiuJ, MouH, et al. Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr2009;90:485–92.10.3945/ajcn.2009.27814Search in Google Scholar PubMed

104. GhoshD, KonishiT. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-richextracts: role in diabetes and eye function. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr2007;16:200–8.Search in Google Scholar

105. AkkarachiyasitS, CharoenlertkulP, Yibchok-AnunS,AdisakwattanaS. Inhibitory activities of cyanidin and itsglycosides and synergistic effect with acarbose against intestinal α-Glucosidase and pancreatic α-Amylase. Int J Mol Sci2010;11:3387–96.10.3390/ijms11093387Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

106. GibsonGR, RoberfroidMB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr1995;125:1401–12.10.1093/jn/125.6.1401Search in Google Scholar PubMed

107. MacFarlaneGT, CummingsJH. Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health?Br Med J1999;318:999–1003.10.1136/bmj.318.7189.999Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

108. BaffoniL, BiavatiB. Ecologia microbica dell’apparatodigerente. In: BiavatiB, SorliniC, editors. Microbiologia agroambientale. Milan: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2008:147–62.Search in Google Scholar

109. HenkeJM, BasslerBL. Bacterial social engagements. Trends Cell Biol2004;14:648–56.10.1016/j.tcb.2004.09.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

110. SansonettiPJ. War and peace at mucosal surfaces. Nat Rev Immunol2004;4:953–64.10.1038/nri1499Search in Google Scholar PubMed

111. SandersME. Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health. J Nutr2000;130:384S–90S.10.1093/jn/130.2.384SSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

112. MercenierA, PavanS, PotB. Probiotics as biotherapeutic agents: present knowledge and future prospects. Curr Pharm Des2002;8:99–110.Search in Google Scholar

113. GillilandSE, SpeckML. Antagonistic action of Lactobacillus acidophilus toward intestinal and food-borne pathogens in associative cultures. J Food Prot1977;40:820–3.10.4315/0362-028X-40.12.820Search in Google Scholar PubMed

114. De RoosNM, KatanMB. Effects of probiotic bacteria ondiarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Am J Clin Nutr2000;71:405–11.10.1093/ajcn/71.2.405Search in Google Scholar PubMed

115. GuptaC, PrakashD, RostagnoMH, CallawayTR. Synbiotics: promoting gastrointestinal health. In: PrakashD, SharmaG, editors. Phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance. UK: CABI International Publishers, 2014:61–78.Search in Google Scholar

116. PrakashD, SharmaG. Phytochemicals of nutraceuticalimportance. In: PrakashD, SharmaG, editors. UK: CABI International Publishers, 2014:1–364.10.1079/9781780643632.0000Search in Google Scholar

117. Global Nutraceuticals market.Infiniti research limited November 2013. Report Code: Infiniti Research Limited 3112, 2014–2018.Search in Google Scholar

118. ChallenerC. Speciality supplements are the bright spot in US dietary supplement market. Chem Market Rep2003;3–8.Search in Google Scholar

119. JonesM. Controlled delivery technology in nutraceuticalapplications: a user’s perspective. Nutra Cos2003.Search in Google Scholar