Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter February 21, 2015

Ayurveda in changing scenario of diabetes management for developing safe and effective treatment choices for the future

  • Subhadip Banerjee , Parikshit Debnath , Prasanna N. Rao , Tapas Brata Tripathy , Anjan Adhikari and Pratip K. Debnath EMAIL logo

Abstract

Ayurveda described diabetes mellitus (DM) as Madhumeha. This ancient evidence-based system of medicine enumerated various herbs and formulations for its management, which needs scientific validation. Whereas translational “bedside to bench” approach in biomedical research is an upcoming concept, its application in traditional and complementary medicine can be interesting. The intersecting concepts in the field Ayurveda and translational research needs “omics” approach. The Ayurvedic biology concepts about DM have its close relations with present systems biology approach. Metabolic changes causing tissue damage connected with genetic and immunological irregularities leading to insulin resistance coincide with ancient knowledge. Combinatorial therapy according to Prakriti type as elucidated by Ayurgenomics should be carried on for further research. “Bedside to bench” approaches in research utilizing metabolomics and pharmacogenomics approach can be a major step towards changing the therapeutic strategy towards diabetes. Prameha which is described as the pre-diabetic state is a novel concept in Ayurvedic etiopathogenesis, while metabolomic parameters like lipid level in urine can be a thrust area of research to have a pre-diabetic screening method in high-risk populations. This tradition-guided research paradigm can open up novel opportunities in traditional knowledge-inspired systems biology and drug discovery against diabetes.

Author contributions

All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

Research funding

None declared.

Employment or leadership

None declared.

Honorarium

None declared.

Competing interests

The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

References

1. Anonymous. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia. Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2009 Oct 11]. Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/WHO_ID_definition _diagnosis_of_diabetes.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

2. Anonymous. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. World Health Organization Department of Non-communicable Disease Surveillance [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2009 Oct 10]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_NCD_NCS_99.2.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

3. Anonymous. One adult in ten will have diabetes by 2030. International Diabetes Federation [Internet]. 2011 November 14 [cited Mar 18 2012]. Available from: http://www.idf.org/media-events/press-releases/2011/diabetes-atlas-5th-editionSearch in Google Scholar

4. Anonymous. Diabetes facts. IDF, Diabetes Atlas, 4th edition [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Feb 7]. Available from: http://www.worlddiabetesfoundation.org/composite-35.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

5. DiamondJ. Diabetes in India. Nature2011;469:4789.10.1038/469478aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

6. SharmaRK, DashB, editors. Agnivesa’s Charaka Samhita, text with English translation & critical exposition based on Cakrapani Datta’s Ayurvedadipika. 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanakrit series Office, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

7. ReddyAS, ZhangS. Polypharmacology: drug discovery for the future. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol2013;6:417.10.1586/ecp.12.74Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

8. BhushanP, KalpanaJ, ArvindC. Classification of human population based on HLA gene polymorphism and the concept of Prakriti in Ayurveda. J Altern Complement Med2005;11:34953.10.1089/acm.2005.11.349Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. PrasherB, NegiS, AggarwalS, MandalAK, SethiTP, DeshmukhSR, et al. Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. J Transl Med2008;6:48. doi:10.1186/1479–5876–6–48.10.1186/1479-5876-6-48Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. Acharya SharmaS, editor. Atharvaveda Samhita, text with Hindi translation. 5th ed. Shantikunj, Haridwar: Bramhavarchas, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

11. Anonymous. Was Lord Ganesha Diabetic? [Internet] 2013 Jun 25 [cited 2013 Oct 5]. Available from: http://grassdiabetes.blogspot.in/2013/06/was-lord-ganesha-diabetic_833.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

12. DatarVK, editor. The Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika commentary of Chakrapani Datta. Bombay: Nirnaya-Sagar Press, 1922.Search in Google Scholar

13. ShastriA, editor. Sushruta: Sushruta Samhita with Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika Hindi commentary. 14th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

14. SastryHS, editor. Vaghabhata: Astanga Hridaya, with Sarvanga Sundara commentary by Arunadatta & Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri. 9th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

15. SenG. Siddhanta Nidanam. 2nd ed. Calcutta: Kaviraj Charuchadra Bisharad, 1927.Search in Google Scholar

16. FeudtnerC. Diabetes: the sweet irony of modern technology. Bull World Health Organ2011;89:901. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.040211.10.2471/BLT.11.040211Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

17. Anonymous. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010[monograph online]. Geneva: World Health Organization;2011 [cited 2013 Aug 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

18. RamachandranA. Current scenario of diabetes in India. J Diab2009;1:1828.10.1111/j.1753-0407.2008.00004.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Anonymous. The use of herbal medicines in primary health care. Report of the Regional Meeting, Yangoon, Myanmar 10–12 March 2009. India: World Health Organization, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

20. ValiathanMS. Towards Ayurvedic biology; a decadal vision document-2006. Bangalore: Indian Academy of Sciences, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

21. Srikantha MurthyKR. Vagbhata’s Astanga Hrdayam. 2nd ed. Text with English translations, Notes, Appendix and Indices. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy, 1994.Search in Google Scholar

22. PatwardhanB, VaidyaAD, ChorghadeM, JoshiSP. Reverse pharmacology and systems approaches for drug discovery and development. Curr Bioact Compd2008;4:20112.10.2174/157340708786847870Search in Google Scholar

23. MukherjeePK, NemaNK, VenkateshP, DebnathPK. Changing scenario for promotion and development of Ayurveda – way forward. J Ethnopharmacol2012;143:42434.10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed

24. DwarakanathaC. Introduction to Kayachikitsa. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia, 1959.Search in Google Scholar

25. RayP, GuptaHN. Caraka Samhita (a scientific synopsis). National Institute of Sciences of India. Calcutta: Sree Saraswati Press, 1965.Search in Google Scholar

26. DigestionDC. Metabolism in Ayurveda. Varanasi: Chaoukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

27. SrinivasuluM. Concept of Ama in Ayurveda. Varanasi: Choukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

28. SharmaH, ChandolaHM. Ayurvedic concept of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. J Altern Complement Med2011;17:54952.10.1089/acm.2010.0690Search in Google Scholar PubMed

29. MadhavakaraUY. Madhava Nidanam with Madhukosh commentary of Vijayrakshit. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

30. RastogiS. Building bridges between Ayurveda and modern science. Int J Ayurveda Res2010;1:416.10.4103/0974-7788.59943Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

31. CooperJD, SmythDJ, SmilesAM, PlagnolV, WalkerNM, AllenJE, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data identifies additional type 1 diabetes risk loci. Nat Genet2008;40:1399401.Search in Google Scholar

32. BarrettJC, ClaytonDG, ConcannonP, AkolkarB, CooperJD, ErlichHA, et al. Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet2009;41:7037.10.1038/ng.381Search in Google Scholar

33. ZegginiE, ScottLJ, SaxenaR, VoightBF, MarchiniJL, HuT, et al. Meta-analysis of genome wide association data and large scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet2008;40:63845.10.1016/S0084-3741(08)79224-2Search in Google Scholar

34. RoyS. Mutra Tatwa. Calcutta: Kamini Press, 1929.Search in Google Scholar

35. BaoY, ZhaoT, WangX, QiuY, SuM, JiaW, et al. Metabonomic variations in the drug-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy volunteers. J Proteome Res2009;8:162330.10.1021/pr800643wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

36. TsengCH. Lipid abnormalities associated with urinary albumin excretion rate in Taiwanese type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int2005;67:15471543.10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00235.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

37. SamuelssonO, AurellM, Knight-GibsonC, AlaupovicP, AttmanP-O. Apolipoprotein- B containing lipoprotein and progression of renal insufficiency. Nephron1993;63:27985.10.1159/000187210Search in Google Scholar PubMed

38. SamuelssonO, MulecH, Knight-GibsonC, AttmanPO, KronB, LarssonR, et al. Lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with increased rate of progression of human chronic renal insufficiency. Nephrol Dial Transplant1997;12:190815.10.1093/ndt/12.9.1908Search in Google Scholar PubMed

39. ItaniSI, RudermanNB, FrankS, BodenG. Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and Ikappab-alpha. Diabetes2002;51:200511.10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

40. ChavezJA, SummersSA. Characterizing the effects of saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling and ceramide and diacylglycerol accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Arch Biochem Biophys2003;15:1019.10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.020Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. PatwardhanB, MashelkarRA. Traditional medicine-inspired approaches to drug discovery: can Ayurveda show the way forward?Drug Discov Today2009;14:80410.10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

42. MukerjiM, PrasherB. Ayurgenomics: a new approach in personalized and preventive medicine. Sci Cult2011;77:1017.Search in Google Scholar

43. SethiTP, PrasherB, MukerjiM. Ayurgenomics: a new way of threading molecular variability for stratified medicine. ACS Chem Biol2011;6:87580.10.1021/cb2003016Search in Google Scholar PubMed

44. DeFronzoRA. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes2009;48:77398.10.2337/db09-9028Search in Google Scholar

45. SaxenaA, VikramNK. Role of selected Indian plants in management of type 2 diabetes: a review. J Altern Complement Med2004;10:36978.10.1089/107555304323062365Search in Google Scholar

46. GroverJK, YadavS, VatsV. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol2002;81:81100.10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00059-4Search in Google Scholar

47. JungM, ParkM, LeeHC, KangYH, KangES, KimSK. Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Curr Med Chem2006;13:120318.10.2174/092986706776360860Search in Google Scholar PubMed

48. MukherjeePK, MaitiK, MukherjeeK, HoughtonPJ. Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. J Ethnopharmacol2006;106:128.10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.021Search in Google Scholar PubMed

49. YadavM, LavaniaA, TomarR, PrasadGB, JainS, YadavH. Complementary and comparative study on hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of various extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed, Momordica charantia fruits, Gymnema sylvestre, and Trigonella foenum graecum seeds in rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol2010;160:2388400.10.1007/s12010-009-8799-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed

50. ModakM, DixitP, LondheJ, GhaskadbiS, PaulA, DevasagayamT. Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr2007;40:16373.10.3164/jcbn.40.163Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

51. Anonymous. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (Part I–VII). New Delhi: Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2001–2008.Search in Google Scholar

52. Anonymous. Essential Drugs List (EDL) Ayurveda [monograph online]. New Delhi Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2013 [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://indianmedicine.nic.inSearch in Google Scholar

53. AnwerT, SharmaM, PillaiKK, KhanG. Protective effect of Withania somnifera against oxidative stress and pancreatic beta-cell damage in type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Pol Pharm2012;69:1095101.Search in Google Scholar

54. LeleRD. Beyond reverse pharmacology: mechanism-based screening of Ayurvedic drugs. JAIM2011;1:25765.10.4103/0975-9476.74435Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

55. DahanukarSN, ThatteUM, RegeNN. Immunostimulants from Ayurvedic medicinal plants. In: WagnerH. editor. Immunostimulatory agents from plants. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

56. MarincolaFM. Translational medicine: a two-way road. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2013 Oct 3;1:1]. Available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/pdf/1479-5876-1-1.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

57. TkacsNC, ThompsonHJ. From bedside to bench and back again: research issues in animal models of human disease. Biol Res Nurs2006;8:7888.10.1177/1099800406289717Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

58. BortellaR, PinoaSC, GreineraDL, ZiprisbD, RossiniaAA. The circle between the bedside and the bench: toll-like receptors in models of viral induced diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci2008;1150:11222. doi:10.1196/annals.1447.025.10.1196/annals.1447.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

59. AggarwalBB, PrasadS, ReuterS, KannappanR, YadevVR, ParkB, et al. Identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents from Ayurvedic medicine for prevention of chronic diseases: “reverse pharmacology” and “bedside to bench” approach. Curr Drug Targets2011;12:1595653.10.2174/138945011798109464Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

60. VaidyaAD. Reverse pharmacological correlates of Ayurvedic drug actions. Ind J Pharmacol2006;38:31115.10.4103/0253-7613.27697Search in Google Scholar

61. PatwardhanB, VaidyaAD, ChorghadeM. Ayurveda and natural products drug discovery. Curr Sci2004;86:78999.Search in Google Scholar

62. Das AdhikariBM, DebnathPK. Potentiality of Ayurvedic drugs and its validation with clinical study. J Integr Med1991;3:1522.Search in Google Scholar

63. WeinshilboumR, WangL. Pharmacogenomics: bench to bedside. Nat Rev Drug Discov2004;3:73948.10.1038/nrd1497Search in Google Scholar PubMed

64. KellerMP, ChoiY, WangP, Belt DavisD, RabagliaME, OlerE, et al. A gene expression network model of type 2 diabetes links cell cycle regulation in islets with diabetes susceptibility. Genome Res2008;18:70616.10.1101/gr.074914.107Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

65. Good Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clinical Trials in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Medicine. [monograph online]. New Delhi Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2013 [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://indianmedicine.nic.inSearch in Google Scholar

66. BorisyAA, ElliottPJ, HurstNW, LeeMS, LeharJ, PriceER, et al. Systematic discovery of multicomponent therapeutics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2003;100:797782.10.1073/pnas.1337088100Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

67. SchenoneM, DancikV, WagnerBK, ClemonsPA. Target identification and mechanism of action in chemical biology and drug discovery. Nat Chem Biol2013;9:23240.10.1038/nchembio.1199Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

68. BiswasTK, PolleyGC, PanditS, DebnathPK, MondolS, AuddyB, et al. Effects of adjunct therapy of a proprietary herbo-chromium supplement in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Diab Dev Ctries2010;30:15361.10.4103/0973-3930.66512Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2014-2-25
Accepted: 2015-1-27
Published Online: 2015-2-21
Published in Print: 2015-6-1

©2015 by De Gruyter

Downloaded on 11.12.2023 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jcim-2014-0012/html
Scroll to top button