Abstract
Background
Mind sound resonance technique (MSRT) is a yoga-based relaxation technique. Previous studies on MSRT demonstrated its potential health-benefiting effects in both clinical and nonclinical population. Present study intended to assess the acute effect of MSRT intervention on blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and state anxiety in patients with essential hypertension (HTN).
Methods
Thirty participants (13 females) with HTN, within the age range 30–60 years (with mean±SD: 57.23±11.3 years), who visited SVYASA University campus to attend 1-week residential yoga program for HTN treatment, were considered for this study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants received a 4-day MSRT orientation sessions prior to the study. Each participant underwent 30-min session of both MSRT and supine rest (SR) on 2 successive days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rate, and state anxiety were measured before and immediately after both MSRT and SR sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Repeated-measure analysis of variance was applied to assess within-subjects changes.
Results
After MSRT session, significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HR, and state anxiety was observed compared to baseline. Similarly, after SR session, significant changes were found in HR and state anxiety. No significant change was seen in SBP and DBP following SR compared to SR session; MSRT session showed significantly better improvement in SBP, DBP, HR, and state anxiety.
Conclusion
Present study demonstrated the usefulness of single session of MSRT in reducing blood pressure, HR, and state anxiety among individuals with HTN as compared to SR. These findings encourage the further studies with larger sample size and long-term intervention with a robust research design.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
[1] Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet. 2005 Jan 15;365:217–23.10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1Search in Google Scholar
[2] Gillespie CD, Hurvitz KA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of hypertension and controlled hypertension – United States, 2007–2010. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2013 Nov 22;62:144–48.Search in Google Scholar
[3] Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Gattobigio R, Rapicetta C, Reboldi G. Impact of blood pressure variability on cardiac and cerebrovascular complications in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2007 Feb 1;20:154–61.10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.07.017Search in Google Scholar
[4] Jacobs GD. The physiology of mind–body interactions: the stress response and the relaxation response. J Altern Complement Med. 2001 Dec 2;7:83–92.10.1089/107555301753393841Search in Google Scholar
[5] Najafian J, Gholestan Hashemi SMA. Study of the effect of relaxation and biofeedback assisted relaxation on patients with mild hypertension. ARYA Atheroscler. 2010 Dec 18;1:3.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Rainforth MV, Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Gaylord-King C, Salerno JW, Anderson JW. Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2007 Dec 1;9:520.10.1007/s11906-007-0094-3Search in Google Scholar
[7] Shapiro AP, Schwartz GE, Ferguson DC, Redmond DP, Weiss SM. Behavioral methods in the treatment of hypertension: a review of their clinical status. Ann Intern Med. 1977 May 1;86:626–36.10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-626Search in Google Scholar
[8] Wolpe J, Flood J. The effect of relaxation on the galvanic skin response to repeated phobic stimuli in ascending order. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1970 Sep 1;1:195–200.10.1016/0005-7916(70)90002-9Search in Google Scholar
[9] Metri KG, Pradhan B, Nagendra HR. Impact of short-term residential yoga-based lifestyle intervention on cognitive function in hypertensive patients. J Stem Cells. 2017;12:33.Search in Google Scholar
[10] Taylor CB, Farquhar JW, Nelson E, Agras S. Relaxation therapy and high blood pressure. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977 Mar 1;34:339–42.10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770150097011Search in Google Scholar
[11] Benson H, Rosner BA, Marzetta BR, Klemchuk HP. Decreased blood pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects who practiced meditation. J Chronic Dis. 1974 Mar 1;27:163–69.10.1016/0021-9681(74)90083-6Search in Google Scholar
[12] Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Seminars Integr Med. 2004 Jun 1;2:54–71. WB Saunders.10.1016/j.sigm.2004.07.003Search in Google Scholar
[13] Harinath K, Malhotra AS, Pal K, Prasad R, Kumar R, Kain TC, et al. Effects of Hatha yoga and Omkar meditation on cardiorespiratory performance, psychologic profile, and melatonin secretion. J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Apr 1;10:261–68.10.1089/107555304323062257Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[14] Hagins M, Selfe T, Innes K. Effectiveness of yoga for hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013.10.1155/2013/649836Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[15] Bijlani RL, Vempati RP, Yadav RK, Ray RB, Gupta V, Sharma R, et al. A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Apr 1;11:267–74.10.1089/acm.2005.11.267Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[16] Nagendra HR. Mind sound resonance technique (MSRT). Bangalore: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Prakashana. 2001;51.Search in Google Scholar
[17] Rao M, Metri KG, Raghuram N, Hongasandra NR. Effects of mind sound resonance technique (yogic relaxation) on psychological states, sleep quality, and cognitive functions in female teachers: a randomized, controlled trial. Adv Mind Body Med. 2017;31:4–9.Search in Google Scholar
[18] Mohanty S, Metri K, Nagaratna R, Nagendra HR. Immediate effect of mind sound resonance technique (MSRT – a yogic relaxation technique) on cognitive functions in type 2 diabetes. Voice Res. 2015 Jun;4:44–45.Search in Google Scholar
[19] El Assaad MA, Topouchian JA, Darne BM, Asmar RG. Validation of the Omron HEM-907 device for blood pressure measurement. Am J Hypertens. 2002 Apr 1;15:87A.10.1097/00126097-200208000-00006Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] Spielberger CD, Gonzalez-Reigosa F, Martinez-Urrutia A, Natalicio LF, Natalicio DS. The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican. J of Psychology. 2017 Jul 17;5.Search in Google Scholar
[21] Yogitha B, Nagarathna R, John E, Nagendra HR. Complimentary effect of yogic sound resonance relaxation technique in patients with common neck pain. Int J Yoga. 2010 Jan;3:18.10.4103/0973-6131.66774Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[22] Dhansoia V, Bhargav H, Metri K. Immediate effect of mind sound resonance technique on state anxiety and cognitive functions in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder: a self-controlled pilot study. Int J Yoga. 2015 Jan;8:70.10.4103/0973-6131.146069Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[23] Telles S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Sharma S, Visweswaraiah NK, Balkrishna A. Blood pressure and Purdue pegboard scores in individuals with hypertension after alternate nostril breathing, breath awareness, and no intervention. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:61.10.12659/MSM.883743Search in Google Scholar
[24] Pramanik T, Sharma HO, Mishra S, Mishra A, Prajapati R, Singh S. The immediate effect of slow pace bhastrika pranayama on blood pressure and heart rate. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Mar 1;15:293–95.10.1089/acm.2008.0440Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[25] Pramanik T, Sharma HO, Mishra S, Mishra A, Prajapati R, Singh S. Immediate effect of slow pace bhastrika pranayama on blood pressure and heart rate. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Mar 1;15:293–95.10.1089/acm.2008.0440Search in Google Scholar
[26] Routhan T, Ruhela S. Chanting: a therapeutic treatment for sports competitive anxiety. Int J Scientific Res Publ. 2014;4.Search in Google Scholar
[27] Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 Jan 1;16:3–12.10.1089/acm.2009.0044Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[28] Dusek JA, Benson H. Mind-body medicine: a model of the comparative clinical impact of the acute stress and relaxation responses. Minn Med. 2009 May;92:47.Search in Google Scholar
[29] Kalyani BG, Venkatasubramanian G, Arasappa R, Rao NP, Kalmady SV, Behere RV, et al. Neurohemodynamic correlates of ‘OM’ chanting: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Int J Yoga. 2011 Jan;4:3.10.4103/0973-6131.78171Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
