Abstract
Aim:
To investigate both maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels in patients with preeclampsia and the possible relations with its severity and perinatal outcomes.
Materials and methods:
In this study, a total of 38 preeclamptic and 40 age-matched healthy pregnant women between January and June 2016 were included. Serum and cord adropin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:
The maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels were significantly lower in the preeclamptic group compared to controls [71.19±22.21 vs. 100.76±27.02 ng/L and 92.39 (59.77:129.89) vs. 106.20 (74.42:208.02) ng/L, P<0.001, respectively]. While maternal adropin levels were significantly lower in the severe preeclampsia group as compared to the mild preeclamptic group [66.45 (21.49:98.02) vs. 76.17 (58.06:109.58), P=0.007], umbilical cord adropin levels did not differ between each group [91.32 (59.77:113.34) vs. 92.87 (63.12:129.89), P=0.750]. Maternal adropin level was negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r=−0.60, P<0.001 and r=−0.58, P<0.001, respectively) and positively correlated with platelet count (r=0.27, P=0.016). Moreover, umbilical cord adropin levels were weakly correlated with gestational age at delivery (r=0.28, P=0.012) and birth weight (r=0.28, P=0.014).
Conclusion:
The present study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between maternal and umbilical adropin levels and the presence and severity of preeclampsia. Adropin might be a useful parameter for predicting the presence and severity of preeclampsia.
Author’s statement
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The authors have had full control of all primary data and they agree to allow the journal to review their data if requested.
Material and methods: Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The research related to human subject use has complied with all the relevant national regulations, and institutional policies, and is in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board or equivalent committee.
Funding: No funding sources supported the work.
References
[1] Duley L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33:130–7.10.1053/j.semperi.2009.02.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[2] Brosens IA, Robertson WB, Dixon HG. The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Annu. 1972;1:177–91.10.3109/10641959609015698Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Baumwell S, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia: clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms. Nephron Clin Pract. 2007;106:72–81.10.1159/000101801Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Burke SD, Zsengellér ZK, Khankin EV, Lo AS, Rajakumar A, DuPont JJ, et al. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 promotes angiotensin II sensitivity in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2016;126:2561–74.10.1172/JCI83918Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[5] Kumar KG, Trevaskis JL, Lam DD, Sutton GM, Koza RA, Chouljenko VN, et al. Identification of adropin as a secreted factor linking dietary macronutrient intake with energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Cell Metabolism. 2008;8:468–81.10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[6] Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Aydin S, Eren MN, Yilmaz M, Kalayci M, et al. Expression of adropin in rat brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013;380:73–81.10.1007/s11010-013-1660-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Lovren F, Pan Y, Quan A, Singh KK, Shukla PC, Gupta M. Adropin is a novel regulator of endothelial function. Circulation. 2010;122:185–92.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.931782Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[8] Li L, Xie W, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. A novel peptide adropin in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;453:107–13.10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] Gulen B, Eken C, Kucukdagli OT, Serinken M, Kocyigit A, Kılıc E, et al. Adropin levels and target organ damage secondary to high blood pressure in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34: 2061–4.10.1016/j.ajem.2016.04.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] Gozal D, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bhattacharjee R, Molero-Ramirez H, Tan HL, Bandla HP. Circulating adropin concentrations in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: potential relevance to endothelial function. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1122–6.10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.040Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[11] Topuz M, Celik A, Aslantas T, Demir AK, Aydin S. Plasma adropin levels predict endothelial dysfunction like flow-mediated dilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 2013;61:1161–4.10.2310/JIM.0000000000000003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertension in Pregnancy 2013. http://www.acog.org/Resources_And_Publications/Task_Force_and_Work_Group_Reports/Hypertension_in_Pregnancy (accessed 2 June 2014).Search in Google Scholar
[13] Kurmanavicious J, Florio I, Wisser J, Hebisch G, Zimmermann R, Müller R, et al. Reference resistance indices of the umbilical, fetal middle cerebral and uterine arteries at 24–42 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997;10:112–20.10.1046/j.1469-0705.1997.10020112.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[14] Leach L. Placental vascular dysfunction in diabetic pregnancies: intimations of fetal cardiovascular disease? Microcirculation. 2011; 18:263–9.10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00091.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[15] Sobrevia L, Abarzúa F, Nien JK, Salomón C, Westermeier F, Puebla C, et al. Differential placental macrovascular and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes. Placenta. 2011;32:159–64.10.1016/j.placenta.2010.12.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[16] Farías M, San Martín R, Puebla C, Pearson JD, Casado JF, Pastor-Anglada M, et al. Nitric oxide reduces adenosine transporter ENT1 gene (SLC29A1) promoter activity in human fetal endothelium from gestational diabetes. J Cell Physiol. 2006;208:451–60.10.1002/jcp.20680Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[17] Pandolfi A, Di Pietro N. High glucose, nitric oxide, and adenosine: a vicious circle in chronic hyperglycaemia? Cardiovasc Res. 2010;86:9–11.10.1093/cvr/cvq055Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Westermeier F, Salomón C, González M, Puebla C, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Cifuentes F, et al. Insulin restores gestational diabetes mellitus-reduced adenosine transport involving differential expression of insulin receptor isoforms in human umbilical vein endothelium. Diabetes. 2011;60:1677–87.10.2337/db11-0155Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[19] Celik E, Yilmaz E, Celik O, Ulas M, Turkcuoglu I, Karaer A, et al. Maternal and fetal adropin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Perinat Med. 2013;41:375–80.10.1515/jpm-2012-0227Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] Beigi A, Shirzad N, Nikpour F, Nasli Esfahani E, Emamgholipour S, Bandarian F. Association between serum adropin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus; a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015;31:939–41.10.3109/09513590.2015.1081681Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[21] Brennan L, Morton JS, Quon A, Davidge ST. Postpartum vascular dysfunction in the reduced uteroplacental perfusion model of preeclampsia. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0162487.10.1371/journal.pone.0162487Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[22] Serdar Acikgoz A, Tuten A, Oncul M, Eskalen S, Cakmak Dincgez B, Simsek A, et al. Evaluation of maternal serum progranulin levels in normotensive pregnancies, and pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2658–64.10.3109/14767058.2015.1096338Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[23] Vaughan CJ, Delanty N. Hypertensive emergencies. Lancet. 2000;356:411–7.10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02539-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[24] Gu X, Li H, Zhu X, Gu H, Chen J, Wang L, et al. Inverse correlation between plasma adropin and ET-1 levels in essential hypertension: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1712.10.1097/MD.0000000000001712Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[25] Ganesh Kumar K, Zhang J, Gao S, Rossi J, McGuinness OP, Halem HH, et al. Adropin deficiency is associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20:1394–402.10.1038/oby.2012.31Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[26] Krause BJ, Hanson MA, Casanello P. Role of nitric oxide in placental vascular development and function. Placenta. 2011;32:797–805.10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[27] Qiu X, He JR, Zhao MG, Kuang YS, Xu SQ, Zhang HZ, et al. Relationship between human cord blood adropin levels and fetal growth. Peptides. 2014;52:19–22.10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[28] Aydin HI, Eser A, Kaygusuz I, Yildirim S, Celik T, Gunduz S, et al. Adipokine, adropin and endothelin-1 levels in intrauterine growth restricted neonates and their mothers. J Perinat Med. 2016;44:669–76.10.1515/jpm-2014-0353Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[29] Baka S, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Briana DD, Boutsikou M, Marmarinos A, Gourgiotis D, et al. Adropin concentrations in term pregnancies with normal, restricted and increased fetal growth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2403–7.10.3109/14767058.2015.1089861Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
