Abstract
Background
Antioxidant enzymes may play a significant role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) in the serum at days 1 and 7 of life and the risk of developing BPD.
Methods
The study comprised 103 neonates born before 32 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight of ≤1500 g.
Results
In the investigated group, the median serum SOD3 level at day 1 of life was 4.01 ng/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 2.59–5.09 ng/mL] and at day 7 of life 3.13 ng/mL (IQR 2.49–4.34 ng/mL). A statistically significant decrease in the serum SOD3 level was found in the first week of life, P < 0.0001. No correlation was found between the serum SOD3 level at day 1 of life and gestational age R = 0.07, P = 0.4543 and birth weight R = 0.10, P = 0.3083. No statistically significant correlation was found between the dynamics of change in the SOD3 level in serum at days 1 and 7 of life and the risk of BPD development for the definition of BPD at day 28 of life, P = 0.8764 nor at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, P = 0.6598.
Conclusion
The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in the serum SOD3 level in the first week of life in very and extremely low birth weight infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. In the clinical setting, no relationship was observed between the level of SOD3 in serum and the risk of developing BPD.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This study was sponsored by Polish Ministry of Science & Higher Education, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute – Young Researcher Internal Grant No 2012/58-MN. Beata Malachowska received financial support from the FIRST TEAM project financed by the Smart Growth Operational Programme and coordinated by the Foundation for Polish Science.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Poggi C, Dani C. Antioxidant strategies and respiratory disease of the preterm newborn: an update. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014;2014:721043.10.1155/2014/721043Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Lee JW, Davis JM. Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants. Cuur Opin Pediatr 2011;23:161–6.10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283423e51Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Skrzycki M, Czeczot H. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) – structure, properties and functions. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (online) 2004;58:301–11.Search in Google Scholar
4. Gitto E, Reiter RJ, Karbownik M, Tan D, Gitto P, Barberi S, et al. Causes of oxidative stress in the pre- and perinatal period. Biol Neonate 2002;81:146–57.10.1159/000051527Search in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Davidson LM, Berkelhamer SK. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: chronic lung disease of infancy and long-term pulmonary outcomes. J Clin Med 2017;6:4.10.3390/jcm6010004Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
6. Niedermaier S, Hilgendorff A. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – an overview about pathophysiologic concepts. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015;2:2.10.1186/s40348-015-0013-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
7. Perrone S, Tataranno ML, Buonocore G. Oxidative stress and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Clin Neonatol 2012;1:109–14.10.4103/2249-4847.101683Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
8. Poonyagariyagorn HK, Metzger S, Dikeman D, Mercado AL, Malinina A, Calvi C, et al. Superoxide dysmutase 3 dysregulation in murine model of neonatal lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014;51:380–90.10.1165/rcmb.2013-0043OCSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Randell SH, Mercer RR, Young SL. Neonatal hyperoxia alters the pulmonary alveolar and capillary structure of 40-day-old rats. Am J Pathol 1990;136:1259–66.Search in Google Scholar
10. Davis JM, Auten RL. Maturation of the antioxidant system and the effects on preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;15:191–5.10.1016/j.siny.2010.04.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Nozik-Grayck E, Suliman HB, Piantadosi CA. Extracellular superoxide dismutase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005;37:2466–71.10.1016/j.biocel.2005.06.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1723–9.10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2011060Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Shahzad T, Radajewski S, Chao CM, Bellusci S, Ehrhardt H. Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016;3:23.10.1186/s40348-016-0051-9Search in Google Scholar
14. Oury TD, Schaefer LM, Fattman CL, Choi A, Weck KE, Watkins SC. Depletion of pulmonary EC-SOD after exposure to hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002;283:L777–84.10.1152/ajplung.00011.2002Search in Google Scholar
15. Fu RH, Yang PH, Chiang MC, Chiang CC, Cho YH, Chou YH. Erythrocyte Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity in preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biol Neonate 2005;88:35–41.10.1159/000084456Search in Google Scholar
16. Loui A, Raab A, Maier RF, Brätter P, Obladen M. Trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in extremely low birth weight infants. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2010;24:111–8.10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.11.004Search in Google Scholar
17. Ochoa JJ, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Quiles JL, Palomino N, Robles R, Mataix J, et al. Oxidative stress in erythrocytes from premature and full-term infants during their first 72 h of life. Free Radic Res 2003;37:317–22.10.1080/1071576021000050438Search in Google Scholar
18. Frank L, Sosenko IR. Prenatal development of lung antioxidant enzymes in four species. J Pediatr 1987;110:106–10.10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80300-1Search in Google Scholar
19. Frank L, Sosenko IR. Development of lung antioxidant enzyme system in late gestation: Possible implications for the prematurely born infant. J Pediatr 1987;110:9–14.10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80279-2Search in Google Scholar
20. Frank L, Sosenko IR. Failure of premature rabbits to increase antioxidant enzymes during hyperoxic exposure: increased susceptibility to pulmonary oxygen toxicity compared with term rabbits. Pediatr Res 1991;29:292–6.10.1203/00006450-199103000-00014Search in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Davis JM, Rosenfeld WN, Richter SE, Parad MR, Gewolb IH, Spitzer AR, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase administered intratracheally to premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 1997;100:24–30.10.1542/peds.100.1.24Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Davis JM. Role of oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of neonatal lung disease. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2002;91:23–5.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb00156.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Ahmed MN, Suliman HB, Folz RJ, Nozik-Grayck E, Golson ML, Mason SN, et al. Extracellular superoxide dismutase protects lung development in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:400–5.10.1164/rccm.200202-108OCSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
24. Auten RL, O’Reilly MA, Oury TD, Nozik-Grayck E, Whorton MH. Transgenic extracellular superoxide dismutase protects postnatal alveolar epithelial proliferation and development during hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006;290:L32–40.10.1152/ajplung.00133.2005Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
25. Bhandari A, Bhandari V. Pitfalls, problems and progress in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 2009;123:1562–73.10.1542/peds.2008-1962Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Rivera L, Siddaiah R, Oji-Mmuo C, Silveyra GR, Silveyra P. Biomarkers for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant. Front Pediat 2016;31:33.10.3389/fped.2016.00033Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
27. Perveen S, Patel H, Arif A, Younis S, Codipilly CH, Ahmed M. Role of EC-SOD overexpression in preserving pulmonary angiogenesis inhibited by oxidative stress. PLoS One 2012;7:e51945.10.1371/journal.pone.0051945Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
28. Carlsson LM, Jonsson J, Edlund T, Marklund SL. Mice lacking extracellular superoxide dismutase are more sensitive to hyperoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:6264–8.10.1073/pnas.92.14.6264Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
