Abstract
Many poorly-known small mammals have remained undetected for decades, including Melomys fulgens, a distinctive orange murid from Seram, Indonesia, that has been unrecorded since 1920. We report previously undocumented specimens of M. fulgens collected in 1993 and 1994, and local ecological knowledge from 2017 including descriptions and recent sightings, providing strong indirect evidence of its continued survival in similar habitat to known collection localities. These findings indicate relatively widespread distribution of M. fulgens in low-elevation coastal forest across Seram, raising hope for continued survival of Seram’s other ‘lost’ small mammals.
Funding source: Royal Society
Award Identifier / Grant number: University Research Fellowship (UF130573)
Funding source: University of Edinburgh
Award Identifier / Grant number: Development Trust
Funding source: Balloch Trust
Acknowledgements
We thank the communities of Seram for sharing their knowledge. Support was provided by Andrew Bagnall and Morika Tetelepta.
-
Author contributions: STT conceptualized the study; TEJ, AAM, KL, ACK and M collected data; STT, ACK and RJK prepared the manuscript.
-
Research funding: Fieldwork was supported by the Royal Society (UF130573), the University of Edinburgh Development Trust, and the Balloch Trust.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
-
Research ethics: Research design for fieldwork involving human participants was approved by Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust’s Ethics Committee (ETH22/04). Written informed consent for participation was not required in accordance with national legislation and institutional requirements; participation was voluntary, and verbal consent was obtained from all participants following explanation of study aims and that interviews were anonymous. Research was conducted under LIPI Surat Izin Penelitian 4619/V3/KS/1993 and 4187/II/KS/1994. All field activities were conducted in accordance with Indonesian national laws.
References
Ancillotto, L., Pafundi, D., Cappa, F., Chaverri, G., Gamba, M., Cervo, R., and Russo, D. (2022). Bats mimic hymenopteran insect sounds to deter predators. Curr. Biol. 32: R408–R409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.052.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Eaton, R.L. (1976). A possible case of mimicry in larger mammals. Evolution 30: 853–856, https://doi.org/10.2307/2407827.Search in Google Scholar
Ellen, R. (1993). The cultural relations of classification: an analysis of Nuaulu animal categories from central Seram. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.10.1017/CBO9780511470530Search in Google Scholar
Fabre, P.H., Fitriana, Y.S., Semiadi, G., Pagès, M., Aplin, K., Supriatna, N., and Helgen, K.M. (2018). New record of Melomys burtoni (Mammalia, Rodentia, Murinae) from Halmahera (north Moluccas, Indonesia): a review of Moluccan Melomys. Mammalia 82: 218–247, https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0137.Search in Google Scholar
Fisher, D.O. (2011). Cost, effort and outcome of mammal rediscovery: neglect of small species. Biol. Conserv. 144: 1712–1718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.005.Search in Google Scholar
Fisher, D.O. and Blomberg, S.P. (2011). Correlates of rediscovery and the detectability of extinction in mammals. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 278: 1090–1097, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1579.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Flannery, T. (1995). Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Reed Natural History/New Holland, Sydney.Search in Google Scholar
Helgen, K.M. (2003). A review of the rodent fauna of Seram, Moluccas, with the description of a new subspecies of mosaic-tailed rat, Melomys rufescens paveli. J. Zool. 261: 165–172, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836903004035.Search in Google Scholar
IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2021-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org (Accessed 9 November 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Kennerley, R.J., Lacher, T.E., Hudson, M.A., Long, B., McCay, S.D., Roach, N.S., Turvey, S.T., and Young, R.P. (2021). Global patterns of extinction risk and conservation needs for Rodentia and Eulipotyphla. Divers. Distrib. 27: 1792–1806, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13368.Search in Google Scholar
Kitchener, A.C., Clegg, T., Thompson, N.M.J., Wiik, H., and Macdonald, A.A. (1993). First records of the Malay civet, Viverra tangalunga Gray, 1832, on Seram with notes on the Seram bandicoot Rhynchomeles prattorum Thomas. Z. Säugetierkunde 58: 378–380.Search in Google Scholar
Long, B. and Rodríguez, J.P. (2022). Lost but not forgotten: a new nomenclature to support a call to rediscover and conserve lost species. Oryx 56: 481–482, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605322000618.Search in Google Scholar
Macdonald, A.A., Hill, J.E., Boeadi, and Cox, R. (1993). The mammals of Seram, with notes on their biology and local usage. In: Edwards, I.D., Macdonald, A.A., and Procter, J. (Eds.), Natural history of Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Intercept, Andover, pp. 161–190.Search in Google Scholar
Martin, T.E., Bennett, G.C., Fairbairn, A., and Mooers, A.O. (2023). ‘Lost’ taxa and their conservation implications. Anim. Conserv. 26: 14–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12788.Search in Google Scholar
McKelvey, K.S., Aubry, K.B., and Schwartz, M.K. (2008). Using anecdotal occurrence data for rare or elusive species: the illusion of reality and a call for evidentiary standards. Bioscience 58: 549–555, https://doi.org/10.1641/b580611.Search in Google Scholar
Monk, K.A., de Fretes, Y., and Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1997). The ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Olson, D. (2022). Seram rainforests. Available at: https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/seram-rainforests/ (Accessed 9 November 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Re:wild (2021). Available at: https://www.rewild.org/lost-species/lost-small-mammals (Accessed 9 November 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Thomas, O. (1920). On mammals from Ceram. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9) 6: 422–431, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932008632458.Search in Google Scholar
Waller, N.L., Gynther, I.C., Freeman, A.B., Lavery, T.H., and Leung, L.K.P. (2017). The Bramble Cay melomys Melomys rubicola (Rodentia: Muridae): a first mammalian extinction caused by human-induced climate change? Wildl. Res. 44: 9–21, https://doi.org/10.1071/wr16157.Search in Google Scholar
Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2022-0135).
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston