Disjoint diskcyclicity of weighted shifts

Cui Wang; Ze-Hua Zhou; Liang Zhang

doi:10.1515/math-2022-0479

Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access August 29, 2022

Disjoint diskcyclicity of weighted shifts

Cui Wang , Ze-Hua Zhou and Liang Zhang

From the journal Open Mathematics

https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2022-0479

Abstract

In this article, we will discuss disjoint diskcyclicity for finitely many operators acting on a separable, infinite dimensional Fréchet space X . More precisely, we provide disjoint disk blow-up/collapse property and disjoint diskcyclicity criterion. In addition, we characterize the disjoint diskcyclicity for weighted shifts both in the bilateral and unilateral cases.

Keywords: disjoint diskcyclic; criterion; weighted shift; operator

MSC 2010: 47A16; 47B38; 47B33

1 Introduction

Let X denote a separable, infinite dimensional Fréchet space over the real or complex scalar field K . L ( X ) denotes the space of linear continuous operators on X . As usual, Z is the set of integers and N is the set of nonnegative integers, and let C be the complex plane.

An operator T ∈ L ( X ) is said to be hypercyclic, if there exists a vector x ∈ X such that its orbit under the operator

o r b ( T , x ) = { x , T x , T 2 x , … }

is norm dense in X . Such a vector x is said to be a hypercyclic vector for the operator T . An operator T ∈ L ( X ) is supercyclic if there is a vector x for which the orbit { λ T n x ; λ ∈ C , n ≥ 0 } is dense in X . Hypercyclicity and supercyclicity have been studied in recent decades, see [1,2].

The diskcyclic phenomenon was introduced by Zeana in [3]. Let T ∈ L ( X ) , T is called diskcyclic if there is a vector x ∈ X such that the set { α T n x : α ∈ C , ∣ α ∣ ≤ 1 , n ≥ 0 } is dense in X , see [4]. The vector x is called a diskcyclic vector for T . The following diagram shows the relations among cyclic operators:

Hypercyclicity ⇒ Diskcyclicity ⇒ Supercyclicity .

Since contractive operators cannot be diskcyclic, Supercyclicity ⇏ Diskcyclicity . Bamerni et al. [5] gave an example of diskcyclic operator, which is not hypercyclic.

The following definitions are from Definition 1.1 in [6] and Section 1.3 in [7].

Definition 1.1

For N ≥ 2 , the operators T 1 , … , T N in L ( X ) are disjoint hypercyclic or d-hypercyclic (disjoint supercyclic or d-supercyclic, respectively), if there is a vector z ∈ X such that ( z , z , … , z ) ∈ X N is a hypercyclic (supercyclic, respectively) vector for the direct sums ⊕ i = 1 N T i .

The research about the disjoint diskcyclicity is still in the blank state. So it is our goal in this article to give a new subject called disjoint diskcyclicity.

Definition 1.2

For N ≥ 2 , the operators T 1 , … , T N in L ( X ) are disjoint diskcyclic, if there is a vector z ∈ X such that ( z , z , … , z ) ∈ X N is a diskcyclic vector for the direct sums ⊕ i = 1 N T i . The vector z is called a disjoint diskcyclic vector associated with the operators T 1 , … , T N .

Similarly, the following holds true:

Disjoint hypercyclicity ⇒ Disjoint diskcyclicity ⇒ Disjoint supercyclicity

but Disjoint supercyclicity ⇏ Disjoint diskcyclicity . Moreover, we will provide an example of disjoint diskcyclic system but not disjoint hypercyclic in Section 3.

The article is organized as follows: In Section 2, we provide some basic definitions associated with disjoint diskcyclicity. In addition, the related properties are obtained, which play a key role in the theory of disjoint diskcyclicity. In Section 3, we characterize the disjoint diskcyclicity for distinct powers of weighted bilateral(unilateral) shifts. In Section 4, we characterize disjoint diskcyclicity of weighted shift operators.

2 Disjoint diskcyclicity

Definition 2.1

We say that N ≥ 2 sequences of operators ( T 1 , j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , j ) j = 1 ∞ in L ( X ) are disjoint disk-topologically transitive, if for every nonempty open subsets V 0 , … , V N of X , there exist m ∈ N , α m ∈ C with ∣ α m ∣ ≥ 1 such that ∅ ≠ V 0 ∩ T 1 , m − 1 ( α m V 1 ) ∩ ⋯ ∩ T N , m − 1 ( α m V N ) . Also, we say that N ≥ 2 operators T 1 , … , T N in L ( X ) are disjoint disk-topologically transitive, provided ( T 1 j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N j ) j = 1 ∞ are disjoint disk-topologically transitive sequences.

Definition 2.2

We say that N ≥ 2 sequences of operators ( T 1 , j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , j ) j = 1 ∞ in L ( X ) are disjoint disk-universal, if

{ α ( T 1 , j z , T 2 , j z , … , T N , j z ) ; j ∈ N , α ∈ C , ∣ α ∣ ≤ 1 }

is dense in X N for some vector z ∈ X . Also, we say that ( T 1 , j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , j ) j = 1 ∞ are disk-hereditarily universal, provided for each increasing sequence of positive integers ( n k ) , the sequences ( T 1 , n k ) k = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n k ) k = 1 ∞ are disjoint disk-universal.

The operator T ∈ L ( X ) is topologically transitive if for each pair U , V of nonempty open subsets of X , there exists n such that U ∩ T − n ( V ) ≠ ∅ . An application of Birkhoff’s transitivity theorem [8] shows that hypercyclicty and topologically transitivity are equivalent. Likewise, the authors [6] showed that when the space X is a Fréchet space, the notions of disjoint hypercyclicity and disjoint topologically transitivity coincide.

Proposition 2.3

Let N ≥ 2 and ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ be sequences of operators in L ( X ) . Then the following are equivalent:

( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ are disjoint disk-topologically transitive.
The set of disjoint disk-universal vectors for ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ is a dense G δ set.

Proof

(i) follows immediately from (ii).

( i ) ⇒ ( i i ) . We assume { A j : j ∈ N } be a basis for the topology of X . Then (i) implies that ⋃ m ≥ k ⋃ α m ∈ C , ∣ α m ∣ ≥ 1 ( T 1 , m − 1 ( α m A j 1 ) ∩ ⋯ ∩ T N , m − 1 ( α m A j N ) ) is both open and dense in the Fréchet space X for every J = ( j 1 , … , j N ) ∈ N N . On the other hand, the set of disjoint disk-universal vectors for ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ is

⋂ J ∈ N N ⋂ k ∈ N ⋃ m ≥ k ⋃ α m ∈ C , ∣ α m ∣ ≥ 1 ( T 1 , m − 1 ( α m A j 1 ) ∩ ⋯ ∩ T N , m − 1 ( α m A j N ) ) .

It follows that the set of disjoint disk-universal vectors for ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ is a dense G δ set.□

Definition 2.4

We say that N ≥ 2 sequences of operators ( T 1 , j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , j ) j = 1 ∞ in L ( X ) satisfy the disjoint disk blow-up/collapse property provided for any nonempty open neighborhood W of zero of X and nonempty open subsets V 0 , V 1 , … , V N ⊂ X , there exist m ∈ N , α m ∈ C with ∣ α m ∣ ≥ 1 so that

∅ ≠ W ∩ T 1 , m − 1 ( α m V 1 ) ∩ ⋯ ∩ T N , m − 1 ( α m V N ) ,

∅ ≠ V 0 ∩ T 1 , m − 1 ( α m W ) ∩ ⋯ ∩ T N , m − 1 ( α m W ) .

We say that the operators T 1 , … , T N in L ( X ) satisfy the disjoint disk blow up/collapse property if their corresponding sequences of iterations ( T 1 j ) j = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N j ) j = 1 ∞ do.

The following disjoint disk blow-up/collapse property is a sufficient condition for the disjointness of diskcyclic operators.

Proposition 2.5

Let N ≥ 2 and ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ be sequences of operators in L ( X ) . If ( T 1 , n ) n = 1 ∞ , … , ( T N , n ) n = 1 ∞ satisfy the disjoint disk blow-up/collapse property, then they are disjoint disk-topologically transitive.

Our aim is to provide another sufficient condition called disjoint diskcyclic criterion for the disjoint diskcyclicity.

Definition 2.6

Let ( n k ) k = 1 ∞ be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. We say that T 1 , … , T N ∈ L ( X ) satisfy the disjoint diskcyclic criterion with respect to ( n k ) k = 1 ∞ provided there exist dense subsets X 0 , X 1 , … , X N of X and mappings S l : X l → X ( 1 ≤ l ≤ N ) , so that for 1 ≤ i ≤ N

S l n k → k → ∞ 0 pointwise on X l ,
( T l n k S i n k − δ i , l I d X i ) → k → ∞ 0 pointwise on X i ,
lim k → ∞ ∥ T l n k x ∥ ⋅ ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i = 0 for any x ∈ X 0 and any y i ∈ X i .

In general, we say that T 1 , … , T N satisfy the disjoint diskcyclic criterion, if there exists some sequence ( n k ) k = 1 ∞ for which is satisfied the aforementioned three conditions.

Proposition 2.7

Let N ≥ 2 and T 1 , … , T N ∈ L ( X ) satisfy the disjoint diskcyclicity criterion. Then T 1 , … , T N have a residual set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors.

Proof

Let ε > 0 and e , f 1 , … , f N ∈ X . Given x ∈ X 0 and 0 ≠ y i ∈ X i such that ‖ e − x ‖ < ε 2 , ‖ f i − y i ‖ < ε 4 for 1 ≤ i ≤ N . Pick k ∈ N , by conditions ( i i i ) and ( i i ) of Definition 2.6, it follows that for 1 ≤ l ≤ N

‖ T l n k x ‖ ⋅ ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i < ε 2 4 ,

f l − ∑ i = 1 N T l n k S i n k y i < ε 2 .

If ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i = 0 , by condition ( i i ) of Definition 2.6, y i = 0 , which contradicts with 0 ≠ y i ∈ X i . So we can choose 0 < α = 2 ε ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i ≤ 1 , since condition ( i ) of Definition 2.6. Indeed, let x ^ = x + 1 α ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i . Then we have ‖ e − x ^ ‖ ≤ ‖ e − x ‖ + 1 α ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i < ε . It follows that

∥ f l − α T l n k x ^ ∥ = f l − α T l n k x − ∑ i = 1 N T l n k S i n k y i ≤ f l − ∑ i = 1 N T l n k S i n k y i + α ∥ T l n k x ∥ < ε 2 + 2 ε ∑ i = 1 N S i n k y i ∥ T l n k x ∥ < ε .

Hence, T 1 , … , T N are disjoint disk-topologically transitive. Proposition 2.3 implies that T 1 , … , T N have a residual set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors.□

3 Powers of disjoint diskcyclic weighted shifts

In this section, we extend some results of Bès and Peris [6] and Martin [7] to the setting of disjoint diskcyclicity. Moreover, we will show an example to introduce that Disjoint diskcyclicity ⇏ Disjoint hypercyclicity .

3.1 Case for weighted bilateral shifts

Theorem 3.1

Let X = c 0 ( Z ) or l p ( Z ) ( 1 ≤ p < ∞ ) . For N ≥ 2 and l = 1 , … , N , let w l = ( w l , j ) j ∈ Z be a bounded bilateral sequence of nonzero scalars, F w l be the associated forward shift on X given by F w l e k = w l , k e k + 1 . For integers 1 ≤ r 1 < r 2 < ⋯ < r N , the following are equivalent:

F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N have a dense set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors.
For each ε > 0 and q ∈ N , there exists m > 2 q so that for ∣ j ∣ , ∣ k ∣ ≤ q , we have: If 1 ≤ s , l ≤ N ,
(3.1) ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i > 1 ε ,

(3.2) ∏ i = j j + r l m − 1 w l , i < ε ∏ i = k − r s m k − 1 w s , i .
If 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N ,
(3.3) ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i > 1 ε ∏ i = j − r l m j − ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w s , i ,

(3.4) ∏ i = j − r s m j + ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w l , i < ε ∏ i = j − r s m j − 1 w s , i .
F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N satisfy disjoint diskcyclic criterion.

Proof

( i ) ⇒ ( i i ) . Suppose F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N have a dense set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors. Let 0 < δ < 1 2 with δ 1 − δ < ε . We can find a disjoint diskcyclic vector x = ∑ − ∞ ∞ x k e k , 0 ≠ α ∈ C with ∣ α ∣ ≤ 1 and m > 2 q such that

(3.5) x − ∑ ∣ j ∣ ≤ q e j < δ ,

(3.6) α F w l r l m x − ∑ ∣ j ∣ ≤ q e j < δ .

It follows from (3.5) that

(3.7) ∣ x j − 1 ∣ < δ if ∣ j ∣ ≤ q ,

(3.8) ∣ x k ∣ < δ if ∣ k ∣ > q .

Moreover, by (3.6),

(3.9) α ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i x j − r l m − 1 < δ if ∣ j ∣ ≤ q ,

(3.10) α ∏ i = k − r l m k − 1 w l , i x k − r l m < δ if ∣ k ∣ > q .

Now, fix ∣ j ∣ ≤ q . Since r l ≥ 1 and m > 2 q , k = j − r l m < − q . By (3.8) and (3.9),

α ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i > 1 − δ δ > 1 ε .

Since 0 < ∣ α ∣ ≤ 1 , (3.1) holds.

Fix ∣ j ∣ , ∣ k ∣ ≤ q and 1 ≤ s , l ≤ N . By (3.7), 1 2 < 1 − δ < ∣ x j ∣ < δ + 1 . Since j − r l m ≤ − q , (3.10) yields that

1 2 α ∏ i = j j + r l m − 1 w l , i ≤ α ∏ i = j j + r l m − 1 w l , i ∣ x j ∣ < δ .

For ∣ k ∣ ≤ q , by (3.8), ∣ x k − r s m ∣ < δ . So (3.9) implies

1 2 < 1 − α ∏ i = k − r s m k − 1 w s , i x k − r s m − 1 < α ∏ i = k − r s m k − 1 w s , i δ .

Combining the aforementioned inequalities, we obtain

∏ i = j j + r l m − 1 w l , i < 4 δ 2 ∏ i = k − r s m k − 1 w s , i .

For 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N and 1 ≤ r 1 < r 2 < ⋯ < r N and m > 2 q , if k = j − ( r l − r s ) m , we have k < − q . Then by (3.9) and (3.10), we conclude that

∣ ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = j − r l m j − ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w s , i ∣ = ∣ α ( ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i ) x j − r l m ∣ ∣ α ( ∏ i = j − r l m j − ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w s , i ) x j − r l m ∣ > 1 − δ δ > 1 ε .

Similarly, if k = j + ( r l − r s ) m , we have k > q . So

∣ ∏ i = j − r s m j + ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = j − r s m j − 1 w s , i ∣ = ∣ α ( ∏ i = j − r s m j + ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w l , i ) x j − r s m ∣ ∣ α ( ∏ i = j − r s m j − 1 w s , i ) x j − r s m ∣ < δ 1 − δ < ε .

We obtain (3.3) and (3.4).

( i i ) ⇒ ( i i i ) . By ( i i ) , there exist integers 1 ≤ m 1 < m 2 < ⋯ so that for ∣ j ∣ ≤ q , we have:

If 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N ,

(3.11) ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i > q ∏ i = j − r l m j − ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w s , i ,

(3.12) ∏ i = j − r s m j + ( r l − r s ) m − 1 w l , i < 1 q ∏ i = j − r s m j − 1 w s , i .

If 1 ≤ s , l ≤ N ,

(3.13) ∏ i = j − r l m j − 1 w l , i > q ,

(3.14) ∏ i = j j + r l m − 1 w l , i < 1 q ∏ i = k − r s m k − 1 w s , i .

Let X 0 = X 1 = ⋯ = X N = span { e k : k ∈ Z } . Define B l e k = e k − 1 w l , k − 1 ( 1 ≤ l ≤ N ) on X . Thus, a simple calculation shows that

B l r l n q e k = e k − r l n q w l , k − 1 ⋯ w l , k − r l n q .

By (3.13), we can easily obtain B l r l n q → q → ∞ 0 pointwise on X 0 . Since X 0 = X 1 = ⋯ = X N , B l r l n q → q → ∞ 0 pointwise on X l for 1 ≤ l ≤ N .

On the other hand, we can easily obtain that B l F w l = I d X l . Moreover, by (3.11) and (3.12), if 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N , we have

∥ F w l r l m q B s r s m q e k ∥ = ∣ ∏ i = k − r s m q k − ( r s − r l ) m q − 1 w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = k − r s m q k − 1 w s , i ∣ < 1 q ,

∥ F w s r s m q B l r l m q e k ∥ = ∣ ∏ i = k − r l m q k − ( r l − r s ) m q − 1 w s , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = k − r l m q k − 1 w l , i ∣ < 1 q .

So ( F w l r l m q B i r i m q − δ i , l I d X i ) → q → ∞ 0 pointwise on X i .

Finally, let y 0 , y 1 , … , y N ∈ s p a n { e k : k ∈ Z } and C ≔ max { ‖ y k ‖ : 0 ≤ k ≤ N } . Pick y i = ∑ ∣ j ∣ ≤ q 0 y i , j e j for q 0 sufficiently large and 1 ≤ i ≤ N . Then for q > q 0 , (3.14) implies that

∥ F w l r l m q y 0 ∥ ∑ k = 1 N B k r k m q y k ≤ C ∑ ∣ j ∣ ≤ q 0 ∏ i = j j + r l m q − 1 w l , i ∑ k = 1 N ∑ ∣ j ∣ ≤ q 0 ∏ i = j − r k m q j − 1 w k , i − 1 → q → ∞ 0 .

Hence, F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N satisfy disjoint diskcyclic criterion.

( i i i ) ⇒ ( i ) . This is the result of Proposition 2.7.□

If the shifts on Theorem 3.1 are invertible, this leads to the following result.

Corollary 3.2

Let X = c 0 ( Z ) or l p ( Z ) ( 1 ≤ p < ∞ ) . For N ≥ 2 and l = 1 , … , N , let F w l e k = w l , j e k + 1 be an invertible bilateral weighted forward shift on X, with weighted sequence of nonzero scalars w l = ( w l , j ) j ∈ Z . For any integers 1 ≤ r 1 < r 2 < ⋯ < r N , the following are equivalent:

F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N have a dense set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors.
F w 1 r 1 , … , F w N r N satisfy disjoint diskcyclic criterion.
There exist integers 1 ≤ n 1 < n 2 < ⋯ so that we have:
For j ∈ N , if 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N ,
lim q → ∞ ∣ ∏ i = j − r l n q j − 1 w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = j − r l n q j − ( r l − r s ) n q − 1 w s , i ∣ = ∞ ,

lim q → ∞ ∣ ∏ i = j − r s n q j + ( r l − r s ) n q − 1 w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = j − r s n q j − 1 w s , i ∣ = 0 .
If 1 ≤ s , l ≤ N ,
lim q → ∞ ∏ i = − r l n q 1 w l , i = ∞ ,

lim q → ∞ max ∏ i = − 1 r l n q w l , i ∏ i = − r s n q − 1 w s , i = 0 .

As an application, we will show that disjoint diskcyclicity is not equivalent to disjoint hypercyclicity in the following example.

Example 3.3

Let F a be a hypercyclic bilateral forward weighted shift with the associated weight sequence a = ( a k ) k ∈ Z where

a k = 1 2 , if k ∈ { 2 n − n , … , 2 n − 1 } for some odd n ∈ N ; 2 , if k ∈ { 2 n , … , 2 n + n − 1 } or k = − 2 n for some odd n ∈ N ; 1 , otherwise .

By the definition of a k , a looks like

… , 1 , 2 , 1 , … , 1 , 2 , 1 , [ 1 ] , 1 2 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 1 , … ,

where [ . ] denotes the 0th coefficient. Applying (iii) of Corollary 3.2, we observe that F a , F a 2 are disjoint diskcyclic. On the other hand, by Remark 4.10 of [9], since

∏ i = 1 2 m − 1 a i = 1 when ∏ i = 1 2 m − 1 a − i > 1 for all m ∈ N ,

F a , F a 2 are not disjoint hypercyclic.

3.2 Case for weighted unilateral shifts

Theorem 3.4

Let X = c 0 ( N ) or l p ( N ) ( 1 ≤ p < ∞ ) . For N ≥ 2 and l = 1 , … , N , let w l = ( w l , j ) j = N ∞ be a bounded sequence of nonzero scalars, B w l : x = ( x 0 , x 1 , … ) ↦ ( w l , 1 x 1 , w l , 2 x 2 , … ) be the associated backward shift on X. For any integers 1 ≤ r 1 < r 2 < ⋯ < r N , the following are equivalent:

B w 1 r 1 , … , B w N r N have a dense set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors.
For each ε > 0 and q ∈ N , there exists m ∈ N so that for each 0 ≤ j ≤ q , we have:
(3.15) ∏ i = j + 1 j + r l m w l , i > 1 ε ( 1 ≤ l ≤ N )
and
(3.16) ∣ ∏ i = j + 1 j + r l m w l , i ∣ ∣ ∏ i = j + ( r l − r s ) m + 1 j + r l m w s , i ∣ > 1 ε ( 1 ≤ s < l ≤ N ) .
B w 1 r 1 , … , B w N r N satisfy disjoint diskcyclic criterion.
B w 1 r 1 , … , B w N r N have a dense set of disjoint hypercyclic vectors.
B w 1 r 1 , … , B w N r N satisfy disjoint hypercyclic criterion.

Proof

Conditions ( i i ) , ( i v ) , and ( v ) are equivalent, see [6, Theorem 4.1 ]. It is easy to see that the implication ( i ) ⇒ ( i i ) is similar to ( i v ) ⇒ ( i i ) . By Proposition 2.7, we obtain ( i i i ) ⇒ ( i ) . For ( i i ) ⇒ ( i i i ) , the proof is similar to the discussion in Theorem 2.1 in [10], so we omit it.□

4 The Disjoint diskcyclic weighted shifts

In this section, we will show that disjoint diskcyclicity can coincide with disjoint hypercyclicity in special case.

Theorem 4.1

Let X = l 2 ( Z ) and { e i : i ∈ Z } be the standard orthonormal basis of X. For N ≥ 2 and m = 1 , … , N , suppose F m is a bilateral weighted forward shift on X given by F m e i = w i ( m ) e i + 1 , where w i ( m ) is the weight sequence for i ∈ Z . Then the following are equivalent:

F 1 , … , F N are disjoint diskcyclic.
There exists a strictly increasing sequence ( n k ) k = 0 ∞ of positive integers such that for each integer i and integer m with 1 ≤ m ≤ N , we have
(4.1) ∏ j = 1 n k w i − j ( 1 ) → ∞
and
(4.2) ∏ j = 0 n k − 1 w i + j ( m ) → 0
as k → ∞ .
Otherwise, { ( … , λ − 1 , n k ( 2 ) , … , λ − 1 , n k ( N ) , λ 0 , n k ( 2 ) , … , λ 0 , n k ( N ) , λ 1 , n k ( 2 ) , … , λ 1 , n k ( N ) , … ) : k ≥ 0 } is dense in K Z with respect to the product topology, where λ i , n ( m ) = ∏ j = 1 n w i − j ( m ) w i − j ( 1 ) .
F 1 , … , F N satisfy the disjoint disk blow-up/collapse property.

Proof

The proof is similar to the discussion in Theorem 2.1 in [11], so we omit it.□

The bilateral and unilateral weighted backward shift cases of the characterization are similar to the bilateral weighted forward shift case in Theorem 4.1, and so we omit the details.

Remark 4.2

Though disjoint diskcyclicity is not equal to disjoint hypercyclicity, sometimes, disjoint diskcyclicity can coincide with disjoint hypercyclicity in special case. By comparing Theorem 4.1 with the construction of [11], we can add another two equivalent conditions:

F 1 , … , F N are disjoint hypercyclic.
F 1 , … , F N satisfy the disjoint blow-up/collapse property.

Finally, we end this article with two questions.

Question 1: Suppose T 1 , … , T N are disjoint diskcyclic, is the set of disjoint diskcyclic vectors dense in X ?

Question 2: Suppose T 1 , … , T N are disjoint diskcyclic and invertible, are T 1 − 1 , … , T N − 1 disjoint diskcyclic?

zhzhou@tju.edu.cn

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to editor and reviewers who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on this article.

Funding information: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 12101201, 12171353, and 11801402).
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2022-03-02

Revised: 2022-05-13

Accepted: 2022-06-30

Published Online: 2022-08-29

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Disjoint diskcyclicity of weighted shifts

Abstract

1 Introduction

Definition 1.1

Definition 1.2

2 Disjoint diskcyclicity

Definition 2.1

Definition 2.2

Proposition 2.3

Proof

Definition 2.4

Proposition 2.5

Definition 2.6

Proposition 2.7

Proof

3 Powers of disjoint diskcyclic weighted shifts

3.1 Case for weighted bilateral shifts

Theorem 3.1

Proof

Corollary 3.2

Example 3.3

3.2 Case for weighted unilateral shifts

Theorem 3.4

Proof

4 The Disjoint diskcyclic weighted shifts

Theorem 4.1

Proof

Remark 4.2

Acknowledgements

References

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