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Zu den Auswirkungen der Inhaftierung Straffälliger auf Familienangehörige

The impact of imprisonment on family members
  • Helmut Kury EMAIL logo and Annette Kuhlmann

Zusammenfassung

Die Diskussion um Straftäter und Kriminalität konzentriert sich in der Öffentlichkeit – vielfach auch in der Fachliteratur – auf das aktuelle Kriminalitätsgeschehen, die begangenen Straftaten und die ausgesprochenen Sanktionen. Unberücksichtigt bleibt dabei oft die hinsichtlich der Kriminalprävention ausgesprochen wichtige Frage, vor welchem Hintergrund sich das straffällige Verhalten beim Täter entwickelt hat. Weiterhin bleiben vor allem auch die Kollateralschäden einer Sanktion – etwa einer Inhaftierung – auf vorhandene Familienmitglieder, vor allem auch Kinder weitgehend unbeachtet. Es wird ein kurzer Überblick gegeben über vorhandene Forschungsergebnisse zu den Folgen von Freiheitsstrafen für die Frauen und Kinder der Inhaftierten insbesondere aus Deutschland und den USA. Bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen deutlich, dass die Inhaftierung eines Elternteils, vor allem der Mutter, in aller Regel sehr negative Auswirkungen auf die Sozialisation der Kinder hat, vor allem etwa auch zu einer delinquenten kindlichen Entwicklung beitragen kann. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass Inhaftierte weitgehend aus benachteiligten sozialen Verhältnissen kommen, vielfach ein breites Muster von Verhaltensproblemen wie Gewalt oder Substanzmissbrauch zeigen, was mit zu einer Weitergabe des abweichenden Verhaltens an die nächste Generation beiträgt.

Abstract

In public discussions and often also in scientific literature, the debate on offenders and crime primarily focuses on the current crime, the crimes committed in the past, and the sanctions imposed. However, very important questions about what led the perpetrator to go down this criminal path are, by and large, ignored. Furthermore, the collateral damage of sanctions, especially imprisonment, on family members (in particular children) is largely disregarded. This article provides an overview of existing research results (primarily from Germany and the USA) on the consequences of custodial sentences for female partners and children of male detainees. Previous studies have clearly shown that the detention of a parent, especially the mother, generally has extremely negative effects on the socialisation of affected children, and that this can consequently lead to delinquency. In addition, it should be noted that detainees invariably come from disadvantaged social circumstances, which further contributes to the cross-generational transmission of deviant behaviour.

Danksagung

Unser besonderer Dank gilt den beiden anonymen Reviewern für ihre wertvollen Anregungen und weiterführenden Hinweise.

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Online erschienen: 2020-11-17
Erschienen im Druck: 2020-11-24

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