Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter January 15, 2020

Necessitarianism and Dispositions

  • Simone Gozzano EMAIL logo
From the journal Metaphysica

Abstract

In this paper, I argue in favor of necessitarianism, the view that dispositions, when stimulated, necessitate their manifestations. After introducing and clarifying what necessitarianism does and does not amount to, I provide reasons to support the view that dispositions once stimulated necessitate their manifestations according to the stimulating conditions and the relevant properties at stake. In this framework, I will propose a principle of causal relevance and some conditions for the possibility of interference that allow us to avoid the use of ceteris paribus clauses. I then defend necessitarianism from recent attacks raised by, among others, Mumford and Anjum, noting that the antecedent strengthening test is a test for causal relevance that raises no difficulties for necessitarianism.

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my gratitude to Andrea Borghini, Gabriele Contessa, Donatella Donati, Mauro Dorato, Andrea Iacona, Giorgio Lando, Matteo Morganti, Alessio Santelli, Daniele Sgaravatti, and audience at the Roma3 conference on dispositions, for comments and suggestions on previous drafts.

References

Anjum, R., and S. Mumford. 2018. “Carnap and the Anglo-Austrian Conspiracy against Dispositions.” In What Tends to Be. The Philosophy of Dispositional Modality, edited by R. Anjum, and S. Mumford, 85–100. Abingdon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Armstrong, D. M. 1983. What is a Law of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781316499030Search in Google Scholar

Armstrong, D. M. 1997. A World of States of Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511583308Search in Google Scholar

Bird, A. 1998. “Dispositions and Antidotes.” The Philosophical Quarterly 48: 227–34.10.1111/1467-9213.00098Search in Google Scholar

Bird, A. 2007. Nature’s Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227013.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Black, R. 2000. “Against Quidditism.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 78: 87–104.10.1080/00048400012349371Search in Google Scholar

Boniolo, G., M. D’Agostino, M. Piazza, and G. Pulcini. 2015. “Adding Logic to the Toolbox of Molecular Biology.” European Journal for the Philosophy of Science 5 (3): 399–417.10.1007/s13194-015-0118-9Search in Google Scholar

Borghini, A., and N. Williams. 2007. “A Dispositional Theory of Possibility.” Dialectica 62: 21–41.10.1111/j.1746-8361.2007.01130.xSearch in Google Scholar

Carnap, R. 1936–1937. “Testability and Meaning.” Philosophy of Science 3: 419–471 and 4: 1–40.10.1086/286432Search in Google Scholar

Chakravartty, A. 2003. “The Dispositional Essentialist View of Properties and Laws.” International Journal of Philosophical Studies 11 (4): 393–413.10.1080/0967255032000136498Search in Google Scholar

Choi, S. 2012. “Intrinsic Finks and Dispositional/Categorical Distinction.” Noûs 46: 289–325.10.1111/j.1468-0068.2010.00789.xSearch in Google Scholar

Choi, S., and M. Fara. 2012. “Dispositions.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition), edited by Edward N. Zalta. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/dispositions/.Search in Google Scholar

Contessa, G. 2013. “Dispositions and Interferences.” Philosophical Studies 165 (2): 401–19.10.1007/s11098-012-9957-9Search in Google Scholar

Cross, T. 2011. “Recent Works on Dispositions.” Analysis 72 (1): 115–24.10.1093/analys/anr144Search in Google Scholar

Eagle, A. 2009. “Causal structuralism, Dispositional actualism, and Counterfactual Conditionals.” In Dispositions and Causes, edited by T. Handfield, 65–99. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Ellis, B. 2001. Scientific Essentialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Fara, M. 2005. “Dispositions and Habituals.” Noûs 39: 43–82.10.1111/j.0029-4624.2005.00493.xSearch in Google Scholar

Goodman, N. 1954. Fact, Fiction and Forecast. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Heil, J. 2003. From an Ontological Point of View. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/0199259747.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Heil, J. 2012. The Universe as We Find It. Oxford: Clarendon Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596201.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Hobbes, T. 1654. “Of Liberty and Necessity.” In Hobbes and Bramhall on Liberty and Necessity, edited by Vere Chappell, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Hüttemann, A. 2007. “Causation, Laws and Dispositions.” In Dispositions and Causal Powers, edited by M. Kistler, and B. Gnassounou, 207–19. Aldershot: Ashgate.Search in Google Scholar

Iacona, A. 2015. “Counterfactuals as Strict Conditionals.” Disputatio 7 (41): 165–91.10.2478/disp-2015-0009Search in Google Scholar

Ingthorsson, R. D. 2002. “Causal Production as Interaction.” Metaphysica 3: 87–119.Search in Google Scholar

Ingthorsson, R. D. 2013. “Properties: Qualities, Powers, or Both?” Dialectica 67: 55–80.10.1111/1746-8361.12011Search in Google Scholar

Kim, J. 1976. “Events as Property Exemplifications.” In Supervenience and Mind, reprinted in J. Kim (1992), 33–52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511625220.004Search in Google Scholar

Kistler, M. 2012. “Powerful Properties and the Causal Basis of Dispositions.” In Properties, Powers and Structures Issues in the Metaphysics of Realism, edited by A. Bird, B. Ellis, and H. Sankey, 119–37. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, D. 1973. “Causation.” The Journal of Philosophy 70: 556–67.10.2307/2025310Search in Google Scholar

Lombard, L. 1986. Events: A Metaphysical Study. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Search in Google Scholar

Lowe, E. J. 2014. “Mumford and Anjum on Incompatibilism, Powers and Determinism.” Analysis 74: 593–603.10.1093/analys/anu088Search in Google Scholar

Mackie, J. L. 1965. “Causes and Conditions.” American Philosophical Quarterly 12: 245–65.Search in Google Scholar

Manley, D., and R. Wassermann. 2011. “Dispositions, Conditionals, and Counterexamples.” Mind 120: 1191–227.10.1093/mind/fzr078Search in Google Scholar

Marmodoro, A. 2015. “Dispositional Modality Vis-à-vis Conditional Necessity.” Philosophical Investigation 39: 205–14.10.1111/phin.12125Search in Google Scholar

Martin, C. B. 2008. The Mind in Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

McKitrick, J. 2003. “A Case for Extrinsic Dispositions.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81: 155–74.10.1080/713659629Search in Google Scholar

Menzies, P., and H. Price. 1993. “Causation as a Secondary Quality.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 44 (2): 187–203.10.1093/bjps/44.2.187Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, J.-J., and F. Veltman. 2007. “Intelligent Agents and Common-sense Reasoning.” In Handbook of Modal Logic I, edited by P. Blackburn, J. van Bentham, and F. Wolter, 991–1030. Nederlands: Elsevier.10.1016/S1570-2464(07)80021-8Search in Google Scholar

Molnar, G. 2003. Powers: A Study in Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Mumford, S., and R. Anjum. 2011a. Getting Causes from Powers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695614.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Mumford, S., and R. Anjum. 2011b. “Dispositional Modality.” In Lebenswelt und Wissenschaft, Deutsches Jahrbuch Philosophie, vol. 2, edited by C. F. Gethmann, 380–94. Leipzig: Meiner Verlag.10.5840/djp2011231Search in Google Scholar

Schrenk, M. 2010a. “The Powerlessness of Necessity.” Noûs 44: 725–39.10.1111/j.1468-0068.2010.00755.xSearch in Google Scholar

Schrenk, M. 2010b. “Antidotes for Dispositional Essentialism.” In The Metaphysics of Powers, edited by A. Marmodoro, 169–81. Abingdon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Schrenk, M. 2016. Metaphysics of Science. London: Routledge.10.4324/9781315639116Search in Google Scholar

Shoemaker, S. 1980. “Causality and Properties.” In Metaphysics. An Anthology, reprinted in J. Kim, and E. Sosa 1999, (eds.), 253–68. Oxford: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Sider, T. 2010. Logic for Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Vetter, B. 2015. Potentiality: From Dispositions to Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714316.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Williams, N. 2014. “Powers: Necessity and Neighborhoods.” American Philosophical Quarterly 51: 357–71.Search in Google Scholar

Yates, D. 2013. “The Essence of Dispositional Essentialism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 87: 93–128.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2011.00568.xSearch in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2020-01-15
Published in Print: 2020-04-28

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 3.10.2023 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/mp-2019-0022/html
Scroll to top button