Abstract
This study focuses on the relationships between host family success, social integration, length of stay and acquisition of adolescent language by students on extended international homestay programmes. Degree of adolescent language acquisition and integration is measured by use of two hallmarks of adolescent language: markers of approximation (e.g. “and stuff”) and intensification (e.g. “like”). Participants are 26 German teenagers on either a 5- or a 10-month exchange to Australia. Their use of approximation and intensification markers is measured quantitatively before arriving in Australia and then after 5 months of living in the host country. Host family relations and levels of social integration are measured qualitatively by analysis of interview content and responses to a Language Contact Profile. Results indicate that there is a direct link between host family relations, social integration and acquisition of markers of adolescent language. Additionally, exchange students on a 5-month exchange use fewer of those approximation and intensification markers most associated with Australian adolescent language than students on a 10-month programme. This can be explained by lower investment and integration in the Australian adolescent community.
References
Aijmer, Karin. 2002. English discourse particles: Evidence from a corpus. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.10.1075/scl.10Search in Google Scholar
Andersen, Gisele. 2001. Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic variation: A relevance theoretic approach to the language of adolescents. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.84Search in Google Scholar
Athanasiadou, Angeliki. 2007. On the subjectivity of intensifiers. Language Sciences29. 554–565.10.1016/j.langsci.2007.01.009Search in Google Scholar
Banerjee, Mousumi, MichelleCapozzoli, LauraMcSweeney & DebajyotiSinha. 1999. Beyond kappa: A review of interrater agreement measures. The Canadian Journal of Statistics27(1). 3–23.10.2307/3315487Search in Google Scholar
Barron, Anne. 2003. Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics: Learning how to do things with words in a study abroad context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.108Search in Google Scholar
Baumgarten, Nicole & JulianeHouse. 2010. I think’ and ‘I don’t know’ in English as lingua franca and native English discourse. Journal of Pragmatics42. 1184–1200.10.1016/j.pragma.2009.09.018Search in Google Scholar
Beebe, Leslie M & HowardGiles. 1984. Accommodation theory: A discussion in terms of second language acquisition. International Journal of the Sociology of Language46. 5–32.10.1515/ijsl.1984.46.5Search in Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas & EdwardFinegan. 1989. Styles of stance in English: Lexical and grammatical marking of evidentiality and affect. Text9(1). 93–124.10.1515/text.1.1989.9.1.93Search in Google Scholar
Bremer, Katharina, PeterBroeder, CeliaRoberts, MargaretSimonot & M-TVasseur. 1993. Ways of achieving understanding. In ClivePerdue (ed.), Adult language acquisition: Crosslinguistic perspectives, vol. II: The results, 153–195. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Chafe, Wallace. 1986. Evidentiality in English conversation and academic writing. In WallaceChafe & JohannaNichols (eds.), Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology, 261–272. Norwood: Ablex.Search in Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. 2000. Sociolinguistic theory, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar
Channell, Joanna. 1994. Vague language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
DeKeyser, Robert. 1991. Foreign language development during a semester abroad. In BarbaraFreed (ed.), Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom, 104–119. Lexington, KY: Heath.Search in Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Zoltan & AngiMalderez. 1997. Group dynamics and foreign language teaching. System25(1). 65–81.10.1016/S0346-251X(96)00061-9Search in Google Scholar
Ellis, Rod. 2002. Second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Freed, Barbara, Dan P.Dewey, NormanSegalowitz & RandallHalter. 2004. The language contact profile. Studies in Second Language Acquisition26(2). 249–356.10.1017/S027226310426209XSearch in Google Scholar
Grieve, Averil. 2010. Adolescent identity and pragmatic marker acquisition in a study abroad context. Melbourne, Australia: University of Melbourne dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
Grieve, Averil. 2013. Acquisition of the pragmatic marker ‘like’ by German study abroad adolescents. In TimGreer, DonnaTatsuki & CarstenRöver (eds.), Pragmatics & language learning, vol. 13, 147–176. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai`i: National Foreign Language Resource Center.Search in Google Scholar
Hall, Joan Kelly. 1995. (Re)creating our worlds with words: A sociohistorical perspective of face-to-face interaction. Applied Linguistics16(2). 206–232.10.1093/applin/16.2.206Search in Google Scholar
Isabelli-García, Christina. 2006. Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language acquisition. In Margaret A.DuFon & EtonChurchill (eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts, 231–258. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781853598531-013Search in Google Scholar
Ito, Rika & SaliTagliamonte. 2003. Well’ weird, ‘right’ dodgy, ‘very’ strange, ‘really’ cool: Layering and recycling in English intensifiers. Language in Society32. 257–279.Search in Google Scholar
Jackson, Jane. 2008. Language, identity and study abroad: Sociocultural perspectives. London: Equinox Publishing.Search in Google Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H., Sara W.Smith & TanjaLüdge. 2003. Interactive aspects of vagueness in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics35. 1737–1769.10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00188-1Search in Google Scholar
Kinginger, Celeste. 2008. Language learning in study abroad: Case studies of Americans in France. Modern Language Journal Monograph92(1).10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.xSearch in Google Scholar
Kinginger, Celeste. 2009. Language learning and study abroad: A critical reading of research. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/9780230240766Search in Google Scholar
Knight, Susan M & Barbara C.Schmidt-Rinehart. 2010. Exploring conditions to enhance student/host family interaction abroad. Foreign Language Annals43(1). 64–79.10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01060.xSearch in Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1985. Intensity. In DeborahSchiffrin (ed.), Meaning, form and use in context: Linguistic applications, 43–70. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Lamiroy, Beatrice. 1994. Pragmatic connectives and L2 acquisition: The case of French and Dutch. Pragmatics4(2). 183–201.10.1075/prag.4.2.01lamSearch in Google Scholar
Lenk, Uta. 1998a. Marking discourse coherence: Functions of discourse markers in spoken English. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Search in Google Scholar
Lenk, Uta. 1998b. Discourse markers and global coherence in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics30. 245–257.10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00027-7Search in Google Scholar
Matsumura, Shoichi. 2001. Learning the rules for offering advice: A quantitative approach to second language socialisation. Language Learning51(4). 635–679.10.1111/0023-8333.00170Search in Google Scholar
Menard-Warwick, Julia. 2005. Both a fiction and an existential fact: Theorizing identity in second language acquisition and literacy studies. Linguistics and Education16. 253–274.10.1016/j.linged.2006.02.001Search in Google Scholar
Miller, Laura & Ralph B.Ginsberg. 1995. Folkloristic theories of language learning. In BarbaraFreed (ed.), Second language acquisition in a study abroad context, 293–316. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.9.18milSearch in Google Scholar
Nikula, Tarja. 1996. Pragmatic force modifiers: A study in interlanguage pragmatics. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.Search in Google Scholar
Norton, Bonny. 2000. Identity and language learning. Essex: Pearson Education.Search in Google Scholar
Norton, Bonny. 2010. Language and identity. In N.Hornberger & S.McKay (eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education: New perspectives on language and education, 349–369. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781847692849-015Search in Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor. 1990. Indexicality and socialization. In James W.Stigler, Richard A.Schweder & GilbertHerdt (eds.), Cultural psychology: Essays on comparative human development, 287–308. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139173728.009Search in Google Scholar
Östman, Jan-Ola. 1995. Pragmatic particles twenty years after. In BritaWårvik, Sanna-KaisaTanskanen & RistoHiltunen (eds.), Organization in discourse: Proceedings from the turku conference (anglicana turkuensia, 14), 95–108. Turku: University of Turku.Search in Google Scholar
Overstreet, Maryann. 2005. And stuff ‘und so’: Investigating pragmatic expressions in English and German. Journal of Pragmatics27. 1845–1864.10.1016/j.pragma.2005.02.015Search in Google Scholar
Overstreet, Maryann & GeorgeYule. 2001. Formulaic disclaimers. Journal of Pragmatics33. 45–60.10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00125-3Search in Google Scholar
Pellegrino Aveni, Valerie. 2005. Study abroad and second language use: Constructing the self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511620584Search in Google Scholar
Peters, Hans. 1994. Degree adverbs in early modern English. In DieterKastovsky (ed.), Studies in early modern English, 269–288. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Prince, Ellen, Charles L.Bosk & JoelFrader. 1982. On hedging in physician-physician discourse. In Robertdi Pietro (ed.), Linguistics and the professions, 83–97. Norwood: Ablex.Search in Google Scholar
Sankoff, Gillian, PieretteThibault, NaomiNagy & HélèneBlondeau. 1997. Variation in the use of discourse markers in a language contact situation. Language Variation and Change9(2). 191–217.10.1017/S0954394500001873Search in Google Scholar
Scheibman, Joanne. 2002. Point of view and grammar: Structural patterns of subjectivity in American English conversation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.10.1075/sidag.11Search in Google Scholar
Schiffrin, Deborah. 2003. Discourse markers: Language, meaning and context. In DeborahSchiffrin, DeborahTannen & Heidi E.Hamilton (eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis, 54–75. Oxford: Blackwell.10.1002/9780470753460.ch4Search in Google Scholar
Schourup, Lawrence Clifford. 1985. Common discourse particles in English conversation. New York/London: Garland.Search in Google Scholar
Schumann, John H. 1978. The pidginization process: A model for second language acquisition. Rowley: Newbury House.Search in Google Scholar
Segalowitz, Norman & BarbaraFreed. 2004. Context, contact and cognition in oral fluency acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition26(2). 173–199.Search in Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali A. 2005. So who? Like how? Just what? Discourse markers in the conversations of young Canadians. Journal of Pragmatics37. 1896–1915.10.1016/j.pragma.2005.02.017Search in Google Scholar
Waksler, Rachelle. 2001. A new ‘all’ in conversation. American Speech76(2). 128–138.10.1215/00031283-76-2-128Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Chilin. 2010. Toward a second language socialization perspective: Issues in study abroad research. Foreign Language Annals43(1). 51–63.10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01059.xSearch in Google Scholar
Weedon, Chris. 1997. Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory. London: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2003. Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction, 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110220964Search in Google Scholar
Willis Allen, Heather. 2010. Language-learning motivation during short-term study abroad: An activity theory perspective. Foreign Language Annals43(1). 27–49.10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01058.xSearch in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter Mouton