Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient composition and effects of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) meal on the growth performance, economics of production and the absolute and relative weights of some internal organs of albino rats. Twelve (12) male albino rats with an average weight of 67.5g were randomly allotted three dietary treatments: T0 with no cockroach meal, and T1 and T2 with 2% and 4% cockroach meal respectively in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each treatment had four rats and each rat served as a replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The rats were euthanized and their internal organs were weighed at the end of a 28-day feeding trial. Data obtained were analysed using the analysis of variance procedure of the GenStat Statistical Package version 11.1. There were no significant differences in feed intake (P = 0.633), average daily gain (ADG)(P = 0.670) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)(P = 0.326) for the various treatments. The FCR figures recorded for T0, T1 and T2 were 4.81, 4.37 and 4.17 respectively whilst the inclusion of cockroach meal reduced feed cost by 3% and 7% in dietary treatments T1 and T2 respectively. Most of the internal organs recorded no significant difference (P >0.05) but rats on the cockroach meal diets recorded significantly (P = 0.001) lower relative heart weights. Relative kidney weights were also smaller (P = 0.034) for rats on diets containing 4% cockroach meal. Feeding diets containing up to 4% cockroach meal had no negative effects on the feed intake, ADG and FCR of the rats, and can therefore be safely fed to monogastrics up to 4% of the diet.
References
Anankware J.P., Osekre E.A., Obeng-Ofori D., Khamala C., Identification and classification of common edible insects in Ghana, Int. J. Entomol. Res., 2016, 1, 33-3910.3920/JIFF2016.0007Search in Google Scholar
Ayssiwede S., Zanmenou J., Issa Y., Hane M., Dieng A., Chrysostome C., Houinato M., Hornick J. and Missohou A., Nutrient composition of some unconventional and local feed resources available in Senegal and recoverable in indigenous chickens or animal feeding, Pakistan. J. Nutr., 2011, 10, 707-71710.3923/pjn.2011.707.717Search in Google Scholar
Beccaloni G., Eades D., Cockroach species file online. In Version 5.0/5.0. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 2014Search in Google Scholar
Bernard J B, Allen M E and Ullrey D E. (1997). Feeding captive insectivorous animals: Nutrional aspects of insects as food. Nutrition Advisory Group handbook. Fact Sheet 003, 1-7.Search in Google Scholar
Jiang L., Liu X., Xia C., Chen K.-x., He, S.-z. and Liu G.-m. Research advance on chemical constituents and anti-tumor effects of Periplaneta americana l. Medicinal Plant, 2012, 3, 95-97Search in Google Scholar
Kekeocha C., Pfizer poultry production handbook, Ed. Macmillan, Nairobi, 1984Search in Google Scholar
Kelemu S., Niassy S., Torto B., Fiaboe K., Affognon H., Tonnang H., Maniania N., Ekesi S., African edible insects for food and feed: Inventory, diversity, commonalities and contribution to food security, J. Ins. Food and Feed, 2015, 1, 103-11910.3920/JIFF2014.0016Search in Google Scholar
National Research Council, Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th ed., Washington, 1998Search in Google Scholar
NBRP, The national bioresource project for the rat Japan, 2017, http://www.anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp/nbr/phenome/ (Accessed on: 9-05-17)Search in Google Scholar
Noblet J., Recent developments in net energy research for swine, In: R.O. Ball, R.T. Zijlstra (Eds.), Banff Pork Seminar Vol. 18 (2007, Banff, Canada), University of Alberta, Edmonton, 2007, 149-156Search in Google Scholar
Oonincx D.G., van Itterbeek J., Heetkamp M.J., van den Brand H., van Loon J. J., van Huis A., An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption, PloS one, 2010, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.001444510.1371/journal.pone.0014445Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Oonincx D.G.A.B., Dierenfeld E., An investigation into the chemical composition of alternative invertebrate prey, Zoo Biol., 2012, 31,40-5410.1002/zoo.20382Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Pauzenga U., Feeding parent stock, Zoo Technica International, 1985, 5, 15Search in Google Scholar
Pei Yee L., Kumara T.K., Nurul S.B.A.L., and Rao P.V., Dubia cockroach (Blaptica dubia) as an alternative protein source for animal feed, Journal of Biochemical Biopharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2015, 1, 31-39Search in Google Scholar
Ravindran V., Blair R., Feed resources for poultry production in Asia and the Pacific. ii. Animal protein sources, Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 1993, 49, 219-23510.1079/WPS19930020Search in Google Scholar
Sanchez-Muros M.-J., Barroso F.G., Manzano-Agugliaro F., Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: A review, J. Clean. Prod., 2014, 65, 16-2710.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.068Search in Google Scholar
Van Huis A., van Itterbeek J., Klunder H., Mertens E., Halloran A., Muir G., Vantomme P., Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, 2013Search in Google Scholar
Veldkamp T., Van Duinkerken G., Van Huis A., Lakemond C., Ottevanger E., Bosch G., van Boekel T., Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets: A feasibility study, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad, 2012Search in Google Scholar
VSN International Limited, Genstat statistical package 11th edition. VSN International Limited, Waterhouse Street, United Kingdom, 2008.Search in Google Scholar
© 2018 M. Boateng, et. al, published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
