Abstract
Nitrogen (N) forms and N levels can have a great impact on growth and quality of agricultural crops. Postharvest N treatments may also affect the quality of products. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the changes in postharvest quality characteristics of cut roses (Rosa hybrid cv ‘Utopia’) under different nitrogen concentrations of holding solution. Three nitrogen sources including ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate at five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mgL-1 N) were applied into vases with holding solution. The results showed that low ammonium (5 mg L-1) and high nitrate (20 mgL-1) resulted in the highest leaf SPAD values, whereas the lowest values were recorded for those stems treated with the two highest ammonium concentrations (15 and 20 mg L-1). Leaf and petal relative water contents (RWC) were significantly reduced by higher ammonium concentrations, while they were increased by increasing calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate concentrations in the vase holding solution. Leaf catalase activity was increased by the two lowest (5 and 10 mg L-1) and decreased by the two highest ammonium levels (15 and 20 mg L-1), and it was not affected by the two other nitrogen salts. Higher ammonium levels resulted in a significant increase in leaf proline concentrations and petal ion leakage, whereas nitrate concentrations reduced these two traits. A low concentration of ammonium (5 mg L- 1) increased flower vase life while higher ammonium concentrations reduced the trait. There was also an increasing trend in flower vase life with higher concentrations of both nitrate salts. Therefore, low ammonium or high nitrate levels in vase holding solution can improve vase life quality of cut roses.
References
Ahmadi N., Mibus H., Serek M., Characterization of ethyleneinduced organ abscission in F1 breeding lines of miniature roses (Rosa hybrida L.). Post. Biol. Technol., 2009, 52(3), 260-26610.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.12.010Search in Google Scholar
Druge U., Influence of pre-harvest nitrogen supply on post-harvest behavior of ornamentals: importance of carbohydrate status, photosynthesis and plant hormones. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 2000, 65(2), 53-64Search in Google Scholar
Emongor V.E., Effects of gibberellic acid on postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera cut flowers (Gerbera jamesonii). Agron., 2004, 3(3), 191-19510.3923/ja.2004.191.195Search in Google Scholar
Ezhilmathi K., Singh V.P., Arora A., Sairam R.K., Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers. Plant Growth Reg., 2007, 51(2),99-10510.1007/s10725-006-9142-2Search in Google Scholar
Fanourakis D., HeuvelinkE., Carvalho S.M., A comprehensive analysis of the physiological and anatomical components involved in higher water loss rates after leaf development at high humidity. J. Plant Physiol., 2013a, 170(10), 890-89810.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.013Search in Google Scholar
Fanourakis D., Pieruschka R., Savvides A., Macnish A.J., Sarlikioti V., Woltering E.J., Sources of vase life variation in cut roses: a review. Post. Biol. Technol., 2013b, 78, 1-1510.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.12.001Search in Google Scholar
Ichimura K., Kawabata Y., Kishimoto M., Goto R., Yamada Y., Shortage of soluble carbohydrates is largely responsible for short vase life of cut ‘Sonia’ rose flowers. J. Japan. Soc. Hort., 2003, 70, 292-29810.2503/jjshs.72.292Search in Google Scholar
Kronzucker H.J., Britto D.T., Davenport R.J., Tester M., Ammonium toxicity and the real cost of transport. Trends Plant Sci., 2001, 6, 335-337 Marschner H., Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London, 201110.1016/S1360-1385(01)02022-2Search in Google Scholar
Paquin R., Lechasseur P. Observations sur une method de dosage de la proline libre dans les extraits de plantes. Can. J. Bot., 1979, 57, 1851-185410.1139/b79-233Search in Google Scholar
Paull R.E., Chantrachit T., Benzyladenine and the vase life of tropical ornamentals. Post. Biol. Technol., 2001, 21(3), 303-31010.1016/S0925-5214(00)00153-8Search in Google Scholar
Pineda J., Sanchezdelcastillo F., Gonzalez A.M., Vazquez-Alarcon A., Chrysanthemum response to foliar methanol application and nitrogen source in nutrient solution. J. Terralationo Amer., 2010, 28(2), 129-137Search in Google Scholar
Rahayu Y.S., Walch-Liu P., Neumann G., Römheld V., von Wirén N., Bangerth F., Root-derived cytokinins as long-distance signals for NO3−-induced stimulation of leaf growth. Exp. Bot., 2005, 56(414), 1143-115210.1093/jxb/eri107Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Roude N., Nell T.A., Barrett J.E., Longevity of potted chrysanthemums at various nitrogen and potassium concentrations and NH4: NO3 ratios. HortScience, 1991, 26(2), 163-16510.21273/HORTSCI.26.2.163Search in Google Scholar
Skutnik E., Lukaszewska A., Serek M., Rabiza J., Effect of growth regulators on postharvest characteristics of Zantedeschia aethiopica. Post. Biol. Technol., 2001, 21(2), 241-24610.1016/S0925-5214(00)00151-4Search in Google Scholar
Souri, M.K., 2016. Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review, Open Agri. 1,118-123.10.1515/opag-2016-0016Search in Google Scholar
Souri M.K., Neumann G., Roemheld V., Nitrogen forms and water consumption in tomato plants. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol., 2009, 50, 377-383Search in Google Scholar
Souri M.K., Roemheld V., Split daily application of ammonium can not ameliorate ammonium toxicity in tomato plants. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol., 2009, 50, 384-391Search in Google Scholar
Starkey K.R., Pedersen A.R., Increased levels of calcium in the nutrient solution improves the postharvest life of potted roses. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 1997, 122(6), 863-86810.21273/JASHS.122.6.863Search in Google Scholar
van Doorn, W.G., Water relations of cut flowers: an update. Hort. Reviews, 2012, 40, 55-10610.1002/9781118351871.ch2Search in Google Scholar
Walch-Liu P., Neumann G., Bangerth F., Engels C., Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis in tobacco. J. Exp. Bot., 2000, 51, 227-23110.1093/jexbot/51.343.227Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zamani S., Kazemi M., Aran M., Postharvest life of cut rose flowers as affected by salicylic acid and glutamine. World Appl. Sci. J., 2011, 12(9), 1621-1624Search in Google Scholar
Zieslin N., Postharvest control of vase life and senescence of rose flowers. Acta Hortic.,1989, 261, 257-26410.17660/ActaHortic.1989.261.33Search in Google Scholar
© by Mansoure Hatamian, Mohammad Kazem Souri, published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.
