Abstract
The study assessed the knowledge and control of cassava diseases by farmers in Delta State, Nigeria and the resultant implication for agricultural extension. Data were obtained from 569 cassava farmers by a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by means, percentage, frequency counts and binary logit model. Mean results depicted that cassava farmers in the area were 42.5 years old, spent 13 years in schooling, had a farming experience of 9.5 years and had poor (1.68) annual extension contacts. Extension contact and friends and neighbours were the major sources of information on cassava disease control. Results of the logit regression of the relationship between farmers’ characteristics and knowledge of cassava diseases gave an R2 value of 0.74 indicating that age (negative coefficient), education, farming experience, farm size and extension contact were statistically significant in explaining cassava farmers knowledge of disease control measures. Logit estimates for control of diseases indicated that age, farming experience, farm size and extension contact were statistically significant at P<0.05. Although education was crucial in determining farmers’ knowledge, it was not significant in determining adoption of control measures. The study recommends urgent and good extension contact, good government policy on enlightenment of farmers to improve not only farmers’ knowledge but their adoption of disease control measure as well.
References
Abaca A, Kiryowa M., Awori E., Andema A., Dradiku F., Moja A.S., Mukalazi J., et al., Cassava pests and diseases’ prevalence and performance as revealed by adaptive trial sites in north western agro-ecological zone of Uganda, Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014, 6(1), 116-12210.5539/jas.v6n1p116Search in Google Scholar
Abdoulaye T., Abass B., Maziya-Dixon G., Tarawali R., Okechukwu J., Rusike A., Alene V., Manyong, Ayedun B, et al., Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 2014, 6(2), 67–7510.5897/JDAE2013.006Search in Google Scholar
Abubakar H., Nigeria: Country Now World’s Largest Producer of Cassava. Daily Trust, March, 29, 2016 Adekanye T.A., Ogunjimi S.I., Ajala A.O., et al., An assessment of cassava processing plants in irepodun local government areas, kwara state, Nigeria, World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2013, 1(1), 14–17Search in Google Scholar
Adeniji A.A., Ega L.A., Akoroda M.O., Adeniyi A.A., Ugwu B.O., de Balogun A., et al., Cassava Development in Nigeria, Department of Agriculture Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Nigeria. FAO, 2005, Retrieved 22 September 2017Search in Google Scholar
Agbamu J.U., Problems and prospects of agricultural extension service developing countries. In: Adedoyin SF. editor, Agricultural Extension in Nigeria, Ilorin: Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria of Agricultural Publication 2005Search in Google Scholar
Agbamu J.U., Preferred sources of information used by cassava farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2014, 3(4), 365-37210.9734/AJAEES/2014/10046Search in Google Scholar
Ahmad W., Noor M.A., Afzal I., Bakhtavar M.A., Nawaz M.M., Sun X., Zhou B., Ma M., Zhao M., et al., Improvement of sorghum crop through exogenous application of natural growth-promoting substances under a changing climate, Sustainability, 2016, 8, 1330, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8121330.10.3390/su8121330Search in Google Scholar
Akinpelu A.O., Amamgbo L.E.F., Olojede A.O. and Oyekale A.S., Health Implications of Cassava Production and Consumption. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (Jasr)., 2011, 11(1), 118 - 125Search in Google Scholar
Asante-Pok A., Analysis Of Incentives and Disincentives for Cassava in Nigeria, Technical notes series, MAFAP. Rome: FAO, 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2017Search in Google Scholar
Babaleye B.A., Kamau J.W., Muhammad L, Munga, T.L., Whyte J.B., et al., Ex-ante appraisal of strategies for cassava production and processing research development in spatially separated interlinked markets” in M.O. Akdrada and L.M. Ngeve (eds) Root, Crops in The 21st Century. Proceedings of the 7th triennial symposium of the International Society for tropical Root Croops/Africa, 1- 17 October, 2002, pp. 137Search in Google Scholar
Benor D.H. and Baxter M., Training and Visit Extension, World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 1984, p.202Search in Google Scholar
Chikezie A., Delta produces 2.2 million metric tons of cassava annually as at January 31, 2016, 2018, ww.pmnewsnigeria.com.Search in Google Scholar
Chikoti P.C., Melis R., Shanahan P., Farmer’s perception of cassava mosaic disease, preferences and constraints in Lupaula Province of Zambia, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2016, 7, 1129-113810.4236/ajps.2016.77108Search in Google Scholar
Crusan A.R., Thiele G., Fernandez M., et al., Farmer field schools and local agricultural research committees: complementary platforms for integrated decision-making in sustainable agriculture. Network Paper, Agric. Res. and. Ext. Network, 1982, 23, 105–111Search in Google Scholar
Donald G.M.J., Virus ravages cassava plants in Africa, The New York Times, 2010, http:www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/science/01classova.htm/. (Accessed September, 22, 2017)Search in Google Scholar
Ebewore S.O., Egho E.O. and Enujeke E.C., et al., Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Farmers’ coping strategies against yam beetle (Heteroligus spp.) in Delta State, Nigeria: Implication for Food Security. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2015, 6(4), 194-20110.9734/AJAEES/2015/17041Search in Google Scholar
FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistical Database_FAOSTAT, http://faostat.fao.org/; 2013(Accessed September, 22, 2017)Search in Google Scholar
Ferjani A., Zimmermann A. and Roesch A., et al., Determining factors of farm exit in agriculture in switzerland. Agr. Econ. Rev., 2015, 16(1), 59-72Search in Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics, 2017Search in Google Scholar
Gibson R.W., Legg J.P., Otim-Nape G.W., et al., Unusually severe symptoms are a characteristic of the current epidemic of mosaic virus disease of cassava in Uganda. Ann. Appl. Biol., 1996, 128, 479-49010.1111/j.1744-7348.1996.tb07108.xSearch in Google Scholar
Habib M., Khan Z., Iqbal M., Nawab M., Ali S., et al., Role of farmer field school on sugarcane productivity in Malakand Pakistan, African Crop Science conference proceedings, Afric. Crop Sci. Soc., 2007, 1443–1446Search in Google Scholar
Hassan J., Influence of NPK fertilizer on the technological qualities of plant cane, Variety CB. Int Sugar J., 1991, 84, 76–82Search in Google Scholar
Hershey C., Cassava breeding: theory and practice. A publication by Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO), 2010Search in Google Scholar
Hillocks R.J., Cassava virus diseases and their control with special reference to southern Tanzania, Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 1997, 2, 125–13810.1023/A:1018449017411Search in Google Scholar
Hillocks R.J., Raya M.D., Mtunda K., Kioza H., et al., Effect of Cassava Brown Streak Disease on yield and quality of cassava in Tanzania, J. Phytopathol, 2001, 149, 389-39410.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00641.xSearch in Google Scholar
International Potato Center; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Product Development for Root and Tuber Crops: Africa 3, International Potato Center. ISBN 978-92-9060-163-0, 1992Search in Google Scholar
Karkacıer O., Gokalp Goktolga Z., A case study investigating farmers‟ view regarding soil analysis: estimates using a Logit Model. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 2011, 13(4), 467-476Search in Google Scholar
Kemantha G., Africa explores cassava potential 29 April 2015 Kumakech A., Acipa A, Tumwine V., Maiteki G.A., Knowledge on cassava disease management: The case of cassava brown streak disease awareness in Northern Uganda, African Journal of Plant Science, 2013, 7(12), 597 – 60110.5897/AJPS2013.1098Search in Google Scholar
Lange K., Succession in multi- generational family farm businesses. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Tech University, 2012Search in Google Scholar
Lozano J,C., Booth R.H., Diseases of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries, 2009, 20(1), 30-54, DOI: 10.1080/0967087740941233410.1080/09670877409412334Search in Google Scholar
Matthews–Njoku E.C, Farmers adoption of improved soil conservation and management practice in a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Global approaches to Extension practice, 2005, 1, 3-510.4314/gaep.v1i1.34881Search in Google Scholar
Minister of Agriculture Launches Vitamin A Cassava in Nigeria, HarvestPlus (Challenge Program of the CGIAR). 19 March 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2017, http://www.harvestplus.org/content/minister-agriculturelaunches-vitamin-cassava-nigeriaSearch in Google Scholar
Moses E., Guide to identification and control of cassava diseases. Crops Production Comments, 2018Search in Google Scholar
Msikita W., James B., Nnodu E., Legg J., Wydra K., Ogbe F., et al., Disease control in cassava farms. IPM Field Guide for Extension Agents. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000, pp. 27Search in Google Scholar
Muhana M., Raya M., Hillocks R.J., Kiozya H., et al., On-farm perfor-mance and farmer’s evaluation of Cassava Brown Streak Disease tolerant variety Kiroba in the eastern Zone of Tanzania. Proceedings of Triannual Sumposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, Mombasa, Kenya, October 31, 2004, pp. 50-51Search in Google Scholar
Munga T.L., Breeding for cassava brown streak disease resis-tance in coastal Kenya, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agricul-ture, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa, 2008 Musingafi M.C.C., Zebron S., The role of information and communication technology in rural socio-economic development in Africa. International Journal of Public Policy Administration Research, 2014, 1, 38–46Search in Google Scholar
Nag A., Jha S.K., Mohammad A., Maiti S., Gupta J. Gosain D.K., Datta K.K., Mohanty T.K, et al., Predictive factors affecting indian rural farm youths’ decisions to stay in or leave agriculture sector, J. Agr. Sci. Tech, 2018, 20, 221-234Search in Google Scholar
Nigeria’s cassava conundrum. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 September 2017Search in Google Scholar
Nlerum F.E., Prediction of adoption of yam minisett technology among yam farmers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2009, 43, 4, 294-298.Search in Google Scholar
Nlerum F.E., Albert C.O., Prince-Kaye E.S., et al., Access of rural women to agricultural information in Eleme area of Rivers State, Niegria, Journal of Agriculture and Food Information, 2012, 13, 2, 192-19710.1080/10496505.2012.667711Search in Google Scholar
Nsoanya L.N., Nenne M.G., Adoption of improved cassava production of Anambra in Anambra-East Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria, Journal of Research in National Development, 2011, 9, 2, 36-43Search in Google Scholar
Okpetu L. 2012. Should You Buy Into The New FG Cassava Initiative?, Lordson Okpetu’s Blog. Lordson Okpetu. Retrieved 11 June 2017 Olanrewaju T.J., Driving Youth Participation in Agriculture through Agricultural Sector Development and Funding: Panacea to Unemployment in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2014, II, 5, 1-14Search in Google Scholar
Oluwatusin F., Shittu G., Effect of Socio-economic Characteristics on the Farm Productivity Performance of Yam Farmers in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences , 2014, 4(6), 31-37Search in Google Scholar
Omoregbee F.E., Banmeke T.O.A, Information Needs of Cassava Farmers in Delta State of Nigeria, Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 12(2), 20-25Search in Google Scholar
Osborne J.W., Bringing balance an technical accuracy to reporting odds ratios and the results of logistic regression analyses. Pract. Assess. Res. Eva., 2006, 11(7), Available from: http://pareonline.net/genpare.asp?wh=0&abt=11 (accessed 2014 July 1)Search in Google Scholar
Oyakhilome A.S.O., Cottage industry development in root and tuber processing, A paper delivered at the stakeholders workshop on root and tuber development in Nigeria. 2000, 41-66, pp.14Search in Google Scholar
Overview, IITA. Retrieved 25 September 2013Search in Google Scholar
Rizwana C., Paris T.R., Knowledge Level of Paddy Growers regarding improved practices of paddy Cultivation in Raipur, chhattisgarh, India. International Journal of Rural Studies, 2009, 16(2), 8 – 12Search in Google Scholar
Solomon O., Identification of Training Needs of Oil Palm (Elaeis guinenesis jocq) farmers in rainforest zone of south western Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. 2008, pp. 124Search in Google Scholar
Sserubombwe W.S., Thresh J.M., Otim-Nape G.W., Osiru D.O.S., et al., Progress of cassava mosaic virus disease and whitefly vector populations in single and mixed stands of four cassava varieties grown under epidemic conditions in Uganda. Ann. Appl. Biol., 2001, 138, 161-17010.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00098.xSearch in Google Scholar
Thresh J.M., Cooter R.J., Strategies for controlling cassava mosaic virus disease in Africa, Plant Pathol., 2005, 54, 587-61410.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01282.xSearch in Google Scholar
Top Cassava producing Countries in the World, worldatlas.comSearch in Google Scholar
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), Statistic Abstract, 2012 Uzmay A., Isin F., Koyubenbe N., et al., Farmers’ behaviours regarding the decrease in the area of cotton plantations of Turkey; Izmir Case, 2009, Span. J. Agric. Res., 2009, 7(2), 248-25610.5424/sjar/2009072-1485Search in Google Scholar
Waqas M.A., Khan I., Akhter M.J., Noor M.A., Ashraf U., et al., Exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) induces chilling tolerance in short-duration hybrid maize, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2017, 24, 11459–11471, Wikipedia. Delta State, 2017 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_State10.1007/s11356-017-8768-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2019 Solomon Okeoghene Ebewore et al., published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.