Abstract
Interpersonal entrainment has been shown to have a wide variety of social consequences which span far beyond those that could be considered purely pro-social. This work reviews all of the social effects of entrainment and the various explanations for them. The group formation framework emerges as a parsimonious account claiming that as we entrain our sense of self is temporarily diluted as an interdependent identity becomes more salient, thus leading to a range of social and psychological consequences which are pro-group. The sense of belonging arising from moving together is conducive towards pro-social behaviours; yet, it also makes the individual more susceptible to adopting the ideology of the group without critical thinking. We argue that the wide landscape of interpersonal entrainment’s effects reflects its primary effect, de-individuation, and the formation of a common group identity amongst co-actors.
References
Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(4), 317334.10.1002/ejsp.2420180403Search in Google Scholar
Ahmed, A. M. (2007). Group identity, social distance and intergroup bias. Journal of Economic Psychology. 28, 324–337.10.1016/j.joep.2007.01.007Search in Google Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.Search in Google Scholar
Allsop, J. S., Vaitkus, T., Marie, D. & Miles, L. K. (2016). ‘Coordination and Collective Performance: Cooperative Goals Boost Interpersonal Synchrony and Task Outcomes’. Frontiers in Psychology, vol 7, 1462, pp. 1-11.10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01462Search in Google Scholar
Anshel, A., & Kipper, D. A. (1988). The influence of group singing on trust and cooperation. Journal of Music Therapy, 25(3), 145-155.10.1093/jmt/25.3.145Search in Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596-612.10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596Search in Google Scholar
Ashton-James, C., Van Baaren, R. B., Chartrand, T. L., Decety, J., & Karremans, J. (2007). Mimicry and me: The impact of mimicry on self-construal. Social Cognition, 25(4), 518-535.10.1521/soco.2007.25.4.518Search in Google Scholar
Atherton, G., Sebanz, N., & Cross, L. (2019). Imagine All The Synchrony: The effects of actual and imagined synchronous walking on attitudes towards marginalised groups. PloS one, 14(5), e0216585. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021658510.1371/journal.pone.0216585Search in Google Scholar
Batson, C., & Powell, A. (2003). Altruism and Prosocial Behavior. In Millon, T., Lerner, M., Weiner, I., (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology: Volume 5, Personality and Social Psychology (pp. 463484). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Search in Google Scholar
Bensimon, M., & Bodner, E. (2011). Playing with fire: The impact of football game chanting on level of aggression. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(10), 2421-2433.10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00819.xSearch in Google Scholar
Bernstein, M. J., Young, S. G., & Hugenberg, K. (2007). The cross-category effect mere social categorization is sufficient to elicit an own-group bias in face recognition. Psychological Science, 18(8), 706-712. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01964.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Brass, M., Bekkering, H., & Prinz, W. (2001). Movement observation affects movement execution in a simple response task. Acta psychologica, 106(1-2), 3-22.10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00024-XSearch in Google Scholar
Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745-778. doi:10.1002/1099-099210.1002/1099-0992Search in Google Scholar
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: the perception–behaviour link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893.10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893Search in Google Scholar
Chartrand, T. L., & Lakin, J. L. (2013). The antecedents and consequences of human behavioral mimicry. Annual review of psychology, 64, 285-308.10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143754Search in Google Scholar
Cirelli, L. (2018). How Interpersonal Synchrony facilitates early prosocial behaviour. Current opinion in Psychology, 20:35-39.Search in Google Scholar
Cirelli, L. K., Einarson, K. M., & Trainor, L. J. (2014). Interpersonal synchrony increases prosocial behaviour in infants. Developmental Science, 17(6), 1003-1011. doi:10.1111/desc.1219310.1111/desc.12193Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Cirelli, L. K., Wan, S. J., & Trainor, L. J. (2014). Fourteen-month-old infants use interpersonal synchrony as a cue to direct helpfulness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 19, 369(1658). doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.040010.1098/rstb.2013.0400Search in Google Scholar
Cirelli, L. K., Wan, S. J., & Trainor, L. J. (2016). Social effects of movement synchrony: increased infant helpfulness only transfers to affiliates of synchronously moving partners. Infancy, 21(6), 807-821.10.1111/infa.12140Search in Google Scholar
Cirelli, L. K., Wan, S. J., Spinelli, C., & Trainor, L. J. (2017). Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviours. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 34(3), 319-326.10.1525/mp.2017.34.3.319Search in Google Scholar
Clayton, M., Sager, R., & Will, U. (2005). In time with the music: The concept of entrainment and its significance for ethnomusicology. European Meetings in Ethnomusicology, 11, 3-142.Search in Google Scholar
Condon, W., & Ogston, W. (1966). Sound film analysis of normal and pathological behaviour patterns. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 143, 338-347.10.1097/00005053-196610000-00005Search in Google Scholar
Conrad, L. (2006). Synchrony, social behaviour and alliance affiliation in Indian ocean bottlenose dolphins. Animal behaviour, 72, 991-1003.Search in Google Scholar
Conrad, N. J., Malina, M., & Munzel, S. C. (2009). New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in south-western Germany. Nature, 6, 737-740.10.1038/nature08169Search in Google Scholar
Cohen, E. E. A., Ejsmond-Frey, R., Knight, N., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2009). Rowers’ High: behavioural synchrony is correlated with elevated pain thresholds, Biology Letters, 6(1), 106-108 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.067010.1098/rsbl.2009.0670Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Cross, I. (2009). The evolutionary nature of musical meaning. Musicae scientiae, 13(2_suppl), 179-200.10.1177/1029864909013002091Search in Google Scholar
Cross, L., Atherton, G., Wilson, A. D., & Golonka, S. (2017). Imagined Steps: Mental Simulation of Coordinated Rhythmic Movements Effects on Pro-sociality. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1798.10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01798Search in Google Scholar
Cross, L., Wilson, A. D., & Golonka, S. (2016). How moving together brings us together: when coordinated rhythmic movement affects cooperation. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1983.10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01983Search in Google Scholar
Cross, L., Turgeon, M., Atherton, G. (2019). Moving with the in-crowd: Interpersonal entrainment and cooperation in in vs. out -groups. Current Psychology. doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00283-010.1007/s12144-019-00283-0Search in Google Scholar
De Cremer, D., & Stouten, J. (2003). When do people find cooperation most justified?: The effect of trust and self-other merging in social dilemmas. Social Justice Res 16, 41–52.10.1023/A:1022974027023Search in Google Scholar
Dötsch, D., & Schubö, A. (2015). Social categorization and cooperation in motor joint action: evidence for a joint end-state comfort. Experimental Brain Research, 1-12.10.1007/s00221-015-4301-1Search in Google Scholar
Durkheim, E., & Swain, J. W. (2008). The elementary forms of the religious life. Courier Corporation.Search in Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Lennon, R., & Roth, K. (1983). Prosocial development: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 19(6), 846.10.1037/0012-1649.19.6.846Search in Google Scholar
Elsner, B. (2007). Infants’ imitation of goal-directed actions: The role of movements and action effects. Acta psychologica, 124(1), 44-59.10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.09.006Search in Google Scholar
Engelmann, J., Over, H., Herrmann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2013). Young children care more about their reputation with ingroup members and possible reciprocators. Developmental Science, 16, 952-958.Search in Google Scholar
Ehrenreich, B. (2007). Dancing in the Streets: A history of collective joy. London: Granta Books.Search in Google Scholar
Fawcett, C., & Tunçgenç, B. (2017). Infants’ use of movement synchrony to infer social affiliation in others. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 160, 127-136.10.1016/j.jecp.2017.03.014Search in Google Scholar
Fehr, E., Bernhard, H., Rockenbach, B. (2008). Egalitarianism in young children. Nature 454, 1079–1083.10.1038/nature07155Search in Google Scholar
Fessler, D. M., & Holbrook, C. (2014). Marching into battle: Synchronized walking diminishes the conceptualized formidability of an antagonist in men. Biology Letters, 10(8), 20140592.10.1098/rsbl.2014.0592Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Fessler, D. M., & Holbrook, C. (2016). Synchronized behaviour increases assessments of the formidability and cohesion of coalitions. Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(6), 502-509.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.05.003Search in Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. J., & Heene, M. (2012). A vast graveyard of undead theories: Publication bias and psychological science’s aversion to the null. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 555-561.10.1177/1745691612459059Search in Google Scholar
Gaertner, S. L., Mann, J., Murrell, A., & Dovidio, J. F. (1989). Reducing intergroup bias: The benefits of recategorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 239.10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.239Search in Google Scholar
Galinsky, A. D., Ku, G., & Wang, C. S. (2005). Perspective-taking and self-other overlap: Fostering social bonds and facilitating social coordination. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8(2), 109-124.10.1177/1368430205051060Search in Google Scholar
Gergely, G., & Csibra, G. (2003). Teleological reasoning in infancy: The naïve theory of rational action. Trends in cognitive sciences, 7(7), 287-292.10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00128-1Search in Google Scholar
Good, A., Choma, B., & Russo, F. A. (2017). Movement Synchrony Influences Intergroup Relations in a Minimal Groups Paradigm. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(4), 231-238.10.1080/01973533.2017.1337015Search in Google Scholar
Good, A., & Russo, F. A. (2016). Singing promotes cooperation in a diverse group of children. Social Psychology, 47 (6), 340–34410.1027/1864-9335/a000282Search in Google Scholar
Hagen, E. H., & Bryant, G. A. (2003). Music and dance as a coalition signalling system. Human Nature, 14(1), 21-51.10.1007/s12110-003-1015-zSearch in Google Scholar
Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1996). Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition.Search in Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Williams, K. D. (2000). From I to we: Social identity and the collective self. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 4: 81.10.1037/1089-2699.4.1.81Search in Google Scholar
Hove, M. J. (2008). Shared circuits, shared time, and interpersonal synchrony. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 31(01), 29-30.10.1017/S0140525X07003202Search in Google Scholar
Hove, M. J., & Risen, J. L. (2009). It’s all in the timing: Interpersonal synchrony increases affiliation. Social Cognition, 27(6), 949-961.10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.949Search in Google Scholar
Hu, Y., Hu, Y., Li, X., Pan, Y., & Cheng, X. (2017). Brain-to-brain synchronization across two persons predicts mutual prosociality. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(12), 1835-1844.10.1093/scan/nsx118Search in Google Scholar
Huron, D. (2001). Is music an evolutionary adaptation?. Annals of the New York Academy of sciences, 930(1), 43-61.10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05724.xSearch in Google Scholar
Iani, C., Anelli, F., Nicoletti, R., Arcuri, L., & Rubichi, S. (2011). The role of group membership on the modulation of joint action. Experimental Brain Research, 211(3-4), 439.10.1007/s00221-011-2651-xSearch in Google Scholar
Johnson, C., Gadon, O., Carlson, D., Southwick, S., Faith, M. & Chalfin, J. (2002), Self-reference and group membership: evidence for a group-reference effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32: 261–274. doi:10.1002/ejsp.8310.1002/ejsp.83Search in Google Scholar
Kelso, S. J. A. (1995). Dynamic Patterns: The Self Organisation of brain and behaviour. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Kirschner, S., & Ilari, B. (2013). Joint drumming in Brazilian and German preschool children: cultural differences in rhythmic entrainment, but no prosocial effects. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,10.1177/0022022113493139Search in Google Scholar
Kirschner, S., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Joint music making promotes prosocial behaviour in 4-yearold children. Evolution and Human Behaviour, 31(5), 354-364.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.04.004Search in Google Scholar
Knoblich, G., Butterfill, S., & Sebanz, N. (2011). Psychological research on joint action: theory and data. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 54, pp. 59-101). Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-385527-5.00003-6Search in Google Scholar
Kokal, I., Engel, A., Kirschner, S., & Keysers, C. (2011). Synchronized drumming enhances activity in the caudate and facilitates prosocial commitment — if the rhythm comes easily. Plos ONE, 6(11),10.1371/journal.pone.0027272Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lakens, D. (2010). Movement synchrony and perceived entitativity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 701-708.10.1016/j.jesp.2010.03.015Search in Google Scholar
Lakens, D., & Stel, M. (2011). If they move in sync, they must feel in sync: Movement synchrony leads to attributions of rapport and entitativity. Social Cognition, 29(1), 1-14.10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.1Search in Google Scholar
Lakin, J. L., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Using nonconscious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport. Psychological science, 14(4), 334-339.10.1111/1467-9280.14481Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lang, M., Bahna, V., Shaver, J. H., Reddish, P., & Xygalatas, D. (2017). Sync to Link: Endorphin-Mediated Synchrony Effects on Cooperation. Biological Psychology.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.06.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Launay, J., Dean, R. T., & Bailes, F. (2013). Synchronization can influence trust following virtual interaction. Experimental Psychology, 60(1), 53-63.10.1027/1618-3169/a000173Search in Google Scholar
Launay, J., Dean, R. T., & Bailes, F. (2014). Synchronising movements with the sounds of a virtual partner enhances partner likeability. Cognitive Processing, 15(4), 491-501.10.1007/s10339-014-0618-0Search in Google Scholar
Launay, J., Tarr, B., & Dunbar, R. I. (2016). Synchrony as an Adaptive Mechanism for Large-Scale Human Social Bonding. Ethology, 122(10), 779-789.10.1111/eth.12528Search in Google Scholar
Levitin, D. (2008). The World in Six Songs: How the musical brain created human nature. London: Aurum Press Ltd.Search in Google Scholar
Levine, R. V., Martinez, T. S., Brase, G., & Sorenson, K. (1994). Helping in 36 US cities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(1), 69.10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.69Search in Google Scholar
Locksley, A., Ortiz, V., & Hepburn, C. (1980). Social categorization and discriminatory behaviour: Extinguishing the minimal intergroup discrimination effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 773.10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.773Search in Google Scholar
Lumsden, J., Miles, L. K., & Macrae, C. (2014). Sync or sink? Interpersonal synchrony impacts self-esteem. Frontiers in psychology, 5.10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01064Search in Google Scholar
Macrae, C., Duffy, O. K., Miles, L. K., & Lawrence, J. (2008). A case of hand waving: Action synchrony and person perception. Cognition, 109(1), 152-156.10.1016/j.cognition.2008.07.007Search in Google Scholar
Martiny-Huenger, T., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2014). Selective attention to in-and outgroup members systematically influences intergroup bias. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(8), 936-943.10.1177/1948550614541296Search in Google Scholar
McLeish, K. N., Oxoby, R. J. (2011). Social interactions and the salience of social identity. Journal of Economic Psychology. 32, 172–178.10.1016/j.joep.2010.11.003Search in Google Scholar
McNeill, W. H. (1995). Keeping Together in Time: Dance and drill in human history. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Merker, B. (2000). Synchronous chorusing and human origins (pp. 315-327). In Wallin, N. L.,Search in Google Scholar
Merker, B., & Brown, S. (eds.) (2000). The Origins of Music. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar
Miles, L. K., Nind, L. K., & Macrae, C. (2009). The rhythm of rapport: Interpersonal synchrony and social perception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), 585-589.10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.002Search in Google Scholar
Miles, L. K., Nind, L. K., Henderson, Z., & Macrae, C. N. (2010). Moving memories: Behavioral synchrony and memory for self and others. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 457-460.10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.006Search in Google Scholar
Miles, L. K., Lumsden, J., Richardson, M. J., & Macrae, C N. (2011). Do birds of a feather move together? Group membership and behavioural synchrony. Experimental Brain Research, 211(3-4), 495-503.10.1007/s00221-011-2641-zSearch in Google Scholar
Mogan, R., Fischer, R., & Bulbulia, J. A. (2017). To be in synchrony or not? A meta-analysis of synchrony’s effects on behaviour, perception, cognition and affect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 72, 13-2010.1016/j.jesp.2017.03.009Search in Google Scholar
Moore-Ede, C. M., Sulzman, F. M., & Fuller, C. A. (1982). The Clocks that Time Us: Physiology of the Circadian Timing System. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Nier J. A., Gaertner S. L., Dovidio J. F., Banker B. S., Ward, C. M., Rust, M. C. (2001). Changing interracial evaluations and behaviour: the effects of a common group identity. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 4, 299–316.10.1177/1368430201004004001Search in Google Scholar
Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained helping without obligation: Motivation, longevity of service and perceived attitude change among AIDS volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 671.10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.671Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, P., & Amato, P. (1980). A taxonomy of helping: A multidimensional scaling analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 363-371.10.2307/3033956Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, E., Launay, J., MacCarron, P., & Dunbar, R. I. (2017). Tuning in to others: exploring relational and collective bonding in singing and non-singing groups over time. Psychology of Music, 45(4), 496-512.10.1177/0305735616667543Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, E., Launay, J., van Duijn, M., Rotkirch, A., David-Barrett, T., & Dunbar, R. I. (2016). Singing together or apart: The effect of competitive and cooperative singing on social bonding within and between sub-groups of a university Fraternity. Psychology of music, 44(6), 1255-1273.10.1177/0305735616636208Search in Google Scholar
Phillips-Silver, J., Aktipis, C., & Bryant, G. A. (2010). The ecology of entrainment: Foundations of coordinated rhythmic movement. Music Perception, 28(1), 3-14.10.1525/mp.2010.28.1.3Search in Google Scholar
Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Lea, M. (2000). The formation of group norms in computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research, 26(3), 341-371.10.1111/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00761.xSearch in Google Scholar
Rabbie, J. M., & Horwitz, M. (1969). Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss. Journal of personality and social psychology, 13(3), 269.10.1037/h0028284Search in Google Scholar
Rabinowitch, T. C., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2017a). Joint Rhythmic Movement Increases 4-Year-Old Children’s Prosocial Sharing and Fairness Toward Peers. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1050.10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01050Search in Google Scholar
Rabinowitch, T. C., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2017b). Synchronized movement experience enhances peer cooperation in preschool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 160, 21-32.10.1016/j.jecp.2017.03.001Search in Google Scholar
Rabinowitch, T. C., and Knafo-Noam, A. (2015). Synchronous rhythmic interaction enhances children’s perceived similarity and closeness towards each other. PLoS ONE 10: e012087810.1371/journal.pone.0120878Search in Google Scholar
Reddish, P. (2012) Why Sing and Dance? An examination of the cooperative effects of group synchrony. Unpublished PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ.Search in Google Scholar
Reddish, P., Fischer, R., & Bulbulia, J. (2013). Let’s Dance Together: Synchrony, Shared Intentionality and Cooperation. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71182.Search in Google Scholar
Reddish, P. Bulbulia, J. & Fischer, R., (2014). Does Synchrony Promote Generalized Prosociality?. Religion, Brain & Behaviour. 4 (1), pp 3-19.10.1080/2153599X.2013.764545Search in Google Scholar
Reddish, P., Tong, E. M., Jong, J., Lanman, J. A., & Whitehouse, H. (2016). Collective synchrony increases prosociality towards non-performers and outgroup members. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(4), 722-738.10.1111/bjso.12165Search in Google Scholar
Reis, H. T., & Gruzen, J. (1976). On mediating equity, equality, and self-interest: The role of selfpresentation in social exchange. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12(5), 487-503.10.1016/0022-1031(76)90079-2Search in Google Scholar
Rennung, M., & Göritz, A. S. (2016). Prosocial Consequences of Interpersonal Synchrony. Zeitschrift für Psychologie.10.1027/2151-2604/a000252Search in Google Scholar
Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 677.10.1037/0022-3514.35.9.677Search in Google Scholar
Schacter, D. L., Wegner, D., & Gilbert, D. (2007). Psychology. London: Worth PublishersSearch in Google Scholar
Shalvi, S., & De Dreu, C. K. (2014). Oxytocin promotes group-serving dishonesty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(15), 5503-5507.10.1073/pnas.1400724111Search in Google Scholar
Schubert, T. W., & Otten, S. (2002). Overlap of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Pictorial measures of self-categorization. Self and identity, 1(4), 353-376.10.1080/152988602760328012Search in Google Scholar
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Saporta, N., Marton-Alper, I. Z., & Gvirts, H. Z. (2019). Herding Brains: A Core Neural Mechanism for Social Alignment. Trends in cognitive sciences.10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.002Search in Google Scholar
Soliman, T. M., Ferguson, R., Dexheimer, M. S., & Glenberg, A. M. (2015). Consequences of joint action: Entanglement with your partner. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(4), 873.10.1037/xge0000089Search in Google Scholar
Stallen, M., De Dreu, C. K., Shalvi, S., Smidts, A., & Sanfey, A. G. (2012). The herding hormone: oxytocin stimulates in-group conformity. Psychological Science, 23(11), 1288-1292.10.1177/0956797612446026Search in Google Scholar
Strogatz, S. (2003). Sync: The emerging science of spontaneous order. London: Penguin books.Search in Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European journal of social psychology, 1(2), 149-178.10.1002/ejsp.2420010202Search in Google Scholar
Tarr, B., Launay, J., Cohen, E., & Dunbar, R. (2015). Synchrony and exertion during dance independently raise pain threshold and encourage social bonding. Biology letters, 11(10), 20150767.10.1098/rsbl.2015.0767Search in Google Scholar
Tarr, B., Launay, J., & Dunbar, R. I. (2014). Music and social bonding: “self-other” merging and neurohormonal mechanisms. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1096.10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01096Search in Google Scholar
Tarr, B., Launay, J., & Dunbar, R. I. (2016). Silent disco: dancing in synchrony leads to elevated pain thresholds and social closeness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(5), 343-349.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.02.004Search in Google Scholar
Tunçgenç, B., & Cohen, E. (2016a). Interpersonal movement synchrony facilitates pro-social behaviour in children’s peer-play. Developmental science.10.1111/desc.12505Search in Google Scholar
Tunçgenç, B., & Cohen, E. (2016b). Movement synchrony forges social bonds across group divides. Frontiers in psychology, 7.10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00782Search in Google Scholar
Tunçgenç, B., Cohen, E., & Fawcett, C. (2015). Rock with me: The role of movement synchrony in infants‘ social and non-social choices. Child Development 86 (3).10.1111/cdev.12354Search in Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar
Valdesolo, P., & DeSteno, D. (2011). Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion. Emotion, 11(2), 262-266.10.1037/a0021302Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Valdesolo, P., Ouyang, J., & DeSteno, D. (2010). The rhythm of joint action: Synchrony promotes cooperative ability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(4), 693-695.10.1016/j.jesp.2010.03.004Search in Google Scholar
Vicaria, I. M., & Dickens, L. (2016). Meta-analyses of the intra- and interpersonal outcomes of interpersonal coordination. J. Nonverbal Behav. 40, 335–361.10.1007/s10919-016-0238-8Search in Google Scholar
von Zimmermann, J., & Richardson, D. C. (2016). Verbal Synchrony and Action Dynamics in Large Groups. Frontiers in psychology, 7. Effects on inter-personal memory of dancing in time with others. Frontiers in psychology, 7.10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02034Search in Google Scholar
Webb, C. E., Rossignac-Milon, M., & Higgins, E. T. (2017). Stepping forward together: Could walking facilitate interpersonal conflict resolution?. American Psychologist, 72(4), 374. Wiltermuth, S., & Heath, C. (2009). Synchrony and cooperation. Psychological Science, 20(1), 1- Wiltermuth, S. (2012a). Synchrony and destructive obedience. Social Influence, 7(2), 78-89.10.1037/a0040431Search in Google Scholar
Wiltermuth, S. (2012b). Synchronous activity boosts compliance with requests to aggress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 453-456.10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.007Search in Google Scholar
Wolf, W., Launay, J., & Dunbar, R. I. (2016). Joint attention, shared goals, and social bonding. British Journal of Psychology, 107(2), 322-337.10.1111/bjop.12144Search in Google Scholar
Woolhouse, M. H., and Lai, R. (2014). Traces across the body: influence of music-dance synchrony on the observation of dance. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8:965.10.3389/fnhum.2014.00965Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Woolhouse, M. H., Tidhar, D., & Cross, I. (2016). Effects on inter-personal memory of dancing in time with others. Frontiers in psychology, 7.10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00167Search in Google Scholar
Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Hugenberg, K. (2010). When do own-group biases in face recognition occur? Encoding versus post-encoding. Social Cognition, 28(2), 240-250.10.1521/soco.2010.28.2.240Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Liam Cross et al., by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.