Abstract
Researchers have shown that techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction developed for extraction of valuable components from plants and seed materials have been successfully used to effectively reduce the major shortcomings of the traditional method such as Soxhlet extraction. These include shorter extraction time, increase in yield of extracted components, decrease in solvent consumption, and improvement of the quality of extracts. This review presents a detailed description of the principles and mechanisms of the various extraction techniques for better understanding and summarizes the potential of these techniques in the extraction of oil from plants and seed materials. Discussions on some of the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency are also highlighted, with special emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction. A comparison of the performance of traditional Soxhlet extraction with that of other extraction techniques is also presented.
About the authors

Jibrin Mohammed Danlami received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in chemical engineering from the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. He is a PhD student at the Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (Clear), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, at UTM. His research is in the field of supercritical fluid extraction.

Agus Arsad is a senior lecturer in the Department of Polymer Engineering, UTM. He was awarded a PhD in polymer engineering from UTM in 2010. He has published several research papers and conference proceedings on polymer green composites and nanocomposites, polymer rheology, and chemical process separation. His research interests include chemical separation, polymer nanocomposites, and polymer rheology.

Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini received his PhD from Chiba University, Japan, in 2010. He currently serves as a senior lecturer at the Department of Chemical Engineering, UTM Johor Bahru. He is actively involved in research on the conversion of agricultural wastes into activated carbons/low-cost adsorbents and their applications in oil, heavy metal, and dye removal from water. His research interests also include liquid-phase adsorption, gas-phase absorption, and supercritical fluid extraction.

Hanizam Sulaiman is an associate professor of Polymer Engineering at the Department of Polymer Engineering, UTM. He received his master’s of science degree in polymer technology at Loughborough University of Technology, UK, in 1990. Green solid fuel development from plastic wastes is his main research interest. He has developed a quick and simple way to predict the heating value of Malaysia’s municipal solid waste. His research interests also include industrial and solid waste management and laboratory system design.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Research University Grant (GUP) of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Grant no. 03H08) for financial support.
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