Abstract
Solar energy is a clean and abundant energy source. In a photoelectrochemical cell, energy from sunlight is captured and converted into electric power, chemical fuels such as hydrogen is employed to degrade organic pollutants. ZnO is a promising material for photoelectrocatalysis due to its remarkable properties. The aim of this review is to perform an exhaustive revision of nanostructured ZnO synthesis by electrochemical anodization in order to control surface characteristics of this material through anodization parameters such as electrolyte type and concentration, potential, time, temperature, stirring, and post treatment. Finally, application of ZnO nanostructures is overviewed to observe how surface characteristics affected the ZnO photoelectrocatalytic performance.
Funding source: Generalitat Valenciana 10.13039/501100003359
Award Identifier / Grant number: GJIDI/2018/A/067
Award Identifier / Grant number: IDIFEDER/18/044
Funding source: European Social Fund 10.13039/501100004895
Award Identifier / Grant number: UPOV08-3E-012
Funding source: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación 10.13039/501100004837
Award Identifier / Grant number: PID2019-105844RB-I00
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Professor María Amparo Díaz Tortosa, Departamento de Lingüística Aplicada UPV, for her help with the English language.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: The authors thank the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund for the financial support through subvention GJIDI/2018/A/067, as well as the project co-funded by FEDER operational programme 2014–2020 of Comunitat Valenciana (IDIFEDER/18/044). The authors also express their gratitude to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación- Agencia Estatal de Investigación (project code: PID2019-105844RB-I00) for the financial support and help with the laser Raman microscope acquisition (UPOV08-3E-012), and for the co-financing by the European Social Fund.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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