Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter January 13, 2020

India: country report on children’s environmental health

  • Narayanaswamy Bangalore Thimmadasiah ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Tushar Kant Joshi

Abstract

Children contribute substantially to the burden of disease in India. Most common are problems with outdoor and household air pollution, with solutions not immediately apparent or implementable. Children are also often exposed to heavy metals, industrial chemicals and pesticides. Despite advances in some regions, many children still do not have adequate access to clean water and improved sanitation. Infectious diseases remain a problem, especially for children living in poverty. The children of these regions are now facing the dual problems of undernutrition and stunting on the one hand, and overnutrition and obesity on the other.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Conflict of interest: None declared.

  3. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  4. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

References

1. Vision Statement on Environment and Human Health (2006). Ministry of Environment & Forest, Government of India. www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/visenvhealth.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

2. Reducing Global Health Risks Through Mitigation of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants – Scoping Report for Policy Makers. WHO 2015. Available at http://www.who.int./ISBN – 978 924 1565080.Search in Google Scholar

3. Paramesh H. Outdoor and indoor air pollution on respiratory health. In: Shankar PS, editor. Advances in respiratory medicine, academy in respiratory medicine. 2013:1–10.Search in Google Scholar

4. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. http://censusindia.gov.in/.Search in Google Scholar

5. The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC). www.ilo.org/ipec/programme/lang--en/index.htm.Search in Google Scholar

6. Annual Report; 2017–2018. Ministry of Labour and Employment India.Search in Google Scholar

7. Limaye S, Pande S. A study of child labour in India – magnitude and challenges. ASM’s International E-Journal of Ongoing Research in Management and ITE-ISSN-2320-0065.Search in Google Scholar

8. Dhara R. Health effects of the Bhopal gas leak: a review. Epidemiol Prev 1992;14(52):22–31.10.2190/NS4.3.gSearch in Google Scholar

9. Sarangi S, Zaidi T, Pal RK, Katgara D, Gadag VG, Mulay V, et al. Effects of exposure of parents to toxic gases in Bhopal on the offspring. Am J Ind Med 2010;53(8):836–41.10.1002/ajim.20825Search in Google Scholar

10. The Factories Act, 1948; schedule I and II. http://www.dgfasli.nic.in/.Search in Google Scholar

11. World Health Report 2002. https://www.who.int/whr/2002/en.Search in Google Scholar

12. Report of the Steering Committee on Air Pollution, and Health Related Issues. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. August 2015.Search in Google Scholar

13. Mallik S, Chaudhuri RN, Biswas R, Biswas B. A study on morbidity pattern of child labourers engaged in different occupations in a slum area of Calcutta. J Indian Med Assoc 2004;102(4):198–200.Search in Google Scholar

14. Ray MR, Mukherjee G, Roychowdhury S, Lahiri T. Respiratory and general health impairments of ragpickers in India: a study in Delhi. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2004;77(8):595–8.10.1007/s00420-004-0564-8Search in Google Scholar

15. Nguyen HM, Tu BM, Watanabe M, Kunisue T, Monirith I, Tanabe S, et al. Open dumping site in Asian developing countries: a potential source of polychlorinated dibenz-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Environ Sci Technol 2003;37(8):1493–502.10.1021/es026078sSearch in Google Scholar

16. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, Adeyi O, Arnold R, Basu N, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet 2018;391(10119):462–512.10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0Search in Google Scholar

17. Sly PD, Trottier B, Carpenter D, Cha’on U, Cormier S, Galluzzo B, et al. Children’s environmental health in South and Southeast Asia: networking for better child health outcomes. Ann Glob Health 2019;85(1):17.10.5334/aogh.2403Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

18. Chakraborty P, Prithiviraj B, Selvaraj S, Kumar B. Polychlorinated biphenyls in settled dust from informal electronic waste recycling workshops and nearby highways in urban centers and suburban industrial roadsides of Chennai city, India: levels, congener profiles and exposure assessment. Sci Total Environ 2016;573:1413–21.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.129Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Ghosh P, Gupta A, Thakur IS. Combined chemical and toxicological evaluation of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill sites of Delhi, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015;22(12):9148–58.10.1007/s11356-015-4077-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Chitra GA, Kaur P, Bhatnagar T, Manickam P, Murhekar MV. High prevalence of household pesticides and their unsafe use in rural South India. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2013;26(2):275–82.10.2478/s13382-013-0102-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Thomas BE, Charles N, Watson B, Chandrasekaran V, Senthil Kumar R, Dhanalakshmi A, et al. Prevalence of chest symptoms amongst brick kiln migrant workers and care seeking behaviour: a study from South India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2015;37(4):590–6.10.1093/pubmed/fdu104Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Weyant C, Athalye V, Ragavan S, Rajarathnam U, Lalchandani D, Maithel S, et al. Emissions from South Asian brick production. Environ Sci Technol 2014;48(11):6477–83.10.1021/es500186gSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Mukherjee I, Singh UK. Groundwater fluoride contamination, probable release, and containment mechanisms: a review on Indian context. Environ Geochem Health 2018;40(6):2259–301.10.1007/s10653-018-0096-xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Hoque A. Study of awareness about arsenic pollution in rural West Bengal. IJHSSI 2013;2:43–6.Search in Google Scholar

25. Environmental Health in India. Priorities in Andhra Pradesh. Environment and Social development Unit, South Asia Region. World Bank, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

26. https://phfi.org…first-comprehensive-estimates-of-the impact of air pollution, India.Search in Google Scholar

27. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. www.thelancet.com/planetary-health Vol. 3, January 2019.Search in Google Scholar

28. Smith KR. Fuel combustion, air pollution exposure, and health: the situation in developing Countries. Annu Rev Energy Environ 1993;18:529–66.10.1146/annurev.eg.18.110193.002525Search in Google Scholar

29. Paramesh H. Epidemiology of asthma in India. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:309–12.10.1007/BF02723216Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

30. Paramesh H. Asthma in children: seasonal variation. Int J Environ Health 2008;2:410–6.10.1504/IJENVH.2008.020932Search in Google Scholar

31. Paramesh H, Cherian E. Pediatrics allergies. In: Shaik WA, editor. Epidemiology and management principles and practice of tropical allergy and asthma. Mumbai: Vikas Medical Publishers, 2006:603–14.Search in Google Scholar

32. Body Burden. Down to earth. 2015;94106.Search in Google Scholar

33. Chiu AM, Paramesh H. Allergy. In: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, Mishra OP, Prabhu SS, Singh S, editors. Nelson essentials of pediatrics. Section 14. First South Asia edition. India: Elsevier; 2016:266–83.Search in Google Scholar

34. Paramesh H, Nagaraju K, Sukumaran TU, Agarkhedkar S, Bhakta S, Tilak R, et al. Airway disease education and expertise (ADEX) in pediatrics: adaptation for clinical practice in India. Indian Pediatr 2016;53:154–8.10.1007/s13312-016-0812-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

35. Paramesh H, Sukumaran TU, Nagaraju K, Ahmed A, Vijayasekaran D, Raman EV. Allergic rhinitis and comorbidities training module (ARCTM). IAP Allergic Immunology Chapter. 2011.10.1007/s13312-011-0091-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. Indian Scenario of Hazardous Waste Management/Ecology. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/waste-management/hazardous-waste/indian-scenario-of-hazardous-waste-management-ecology/70931).Search in Google Scholar

37. Hazardous Waste Management Rules. http://cpcb.nic.in/hazardous-waste-rules/.Search in Google Scholar

38. ASSOCHAM-NEC Study on E-Waste, India (www.assocham.org). June-4 2018.Search in Google Scholar

39. Indian Non-ferrous metal industry. http://ficci.in/spdocument/22947/Non-Metal-Report.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

40. Ericson B, Dowling R, Dey S, Caravanos J, Mishra N, Fisher S, et al. A meta-analysis of blood lead levels in India and the attributable burden of disease. Environ Int 2018;121:461–70.10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.047Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Betne R, Rajankar P, Sah R, Hossain S. Double Standard: Investigating Lead (Pb) Content in Leading Enamel Paint Brands in South Asia. New Delhi, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

42. Bureau of Indian Standards. https://bis.gov.in/.Search in Google Scholar

43. National Health Profile 2018. Socio-economic Indicators. Chapter 3. Government of India.Search in Google Scholar

44. National Health Profile 2018. Socio-economic Indicators. Chapter 2. Government of India.Search in Google Scholar

45. WHO Bangalore Thimmadasiah2016. WHO Country report.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-10-17
Accepted: 2019-12-04
Published Online: 2020-01-13
Published in Print: 2020-03-26

©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 30.5.2023 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2019-0073/html
Scroll to top button