Abstract
This paper presents an account of how Peirce’s Universal Categories (UCs) of perception and experience may, as heuristic principles, inform gesture theory and multimodal analysis. Peirce’s UCs – Firstness (possibility), Secondness (actuality), and Thirdness (law, habit) – constitute the core of his phenomenology and thus also the foundation of his triadic semiotics. I argue that compared to the basic sign-object relations icon, index, symbol mainly used in previous gesture research, the more fundamental UCs allow one to discern additional facets of how coverbal gestures act as signs. This notably pertains to the phenomenology, multidimensionality, and multifunctionality of gesture. The guiding assumption is that compared to Thirdness-laden linguistic symbols constituting written, spoken or signed discourses, gestures may exhibit the UCs to more strongly varying degrees and in different, modality-specific ways. The multimodal analyses discussed in the paper show how Firstness tends to draw attention to the articulatory qualities of gestural signs, including aesthetic and affective strata, Secondness to their experiential grounding and contextualized meaning, and Thirdness to embodied habits of perceiving, feeling, (inter-)acting, thinking, and communicating with others. I further suggest that particularly through interacting with embodied image schemata and force dynamics, such habits may give rise to flexible regularities and schematicity in gesture.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank the editors of this special issue, Frederik Stjernfelt and João Queiroz, for their insightful comments and suggestions. Special thanks also go to Jennifer Hinnell for collaborating on the gesture and aspect study and to Hannah Groninger, Anna Kielbassa, and Thomas Schmitz for fruitful teamwork in the domain of gestural design processes. The research reported on in this article was supported by the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments.
References
Andrén, Mats. 2010. Children’s gestures from 18 to 30 months. Lund: Centre for Languages and Literatures, Lund University.Search in Google Scholar
Bakhtin, Mikhail M. 1981. The dialogic imagination: Four essays, Michael Holquist (ed.). Austin & London: University of Texas Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bavelas, Janet, Nicole Chovil, Jan L. Coates & Lori Roe. 1995. Gestures specialized for dialogue. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21. 394–405.10.1177/0146167295214010Search in Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1980. Le sens pratique [The logic of practice]. Paris: Éditions de Minuit.Search in Google Scholar
Bressem, Jana. 2013. A linguistic perspective on the notation of form features in gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1079–1098. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110261318.1079Search in Google Scholar
Bressem, Jana. 2014. Repetitions in gesture. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Jana Bressem (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1037–1958. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Bressem, Jana & Cornelia Müller. 2014. A repertoire of German recurrent gestures with pragmatic functions. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Jana Bressem (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1575–1591. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110302028.1575Search in Google Scholar
Calbris, Geneviève. 2011. Elements of meaning in gesture. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/gs.5Search in Google Scholar
Cienki, Alan. 2013a. Cognitive linguistics: Spoken language and gesture as expressions of conceptualization. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 182–201. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110261318.182Search in Google Scholar
Cienki, Alan. 2013b. Mimetic schemas and image schemas in cognitive linguistics and gesture studies. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 11(2). 417–432.10.1075/bct.78.13cieSearch in Google Scholar
Cienki, Alan & Cornelia Müller (eds.). 2008. Metaphor and gesture. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/gs.3Search in Google Scholar
Clark, Herbert H. 1996. Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511620539Search in Google Scholar
Colapietro, Vincent. 2001. A lantern for the feet of inquirers: The heuristic function of the Peircean categories. Semiotica 136(1/4). 201–216.10.1515/semi.2001.074Search in Google Scholar
Colapietro, Vincent. 2008. Peirce’s categories and sign studies. In Susan Petrilli (ed.), Approaches to communication: Trends in global communication studies, 43–58. Madison, WI: Atwood.Search in Google Scholar
Corrington, Robert. 1993. An introduction to C. S. Peirce: Philosopher, semiotician, and ecstatic naturalist. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Danaher, David. 1998. Peirce’s semiotic and cognitive metaphor theory. Semiotica 119(1/2). 171–207.Search in Google Scholar
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 2014. Figurative language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Deacon, Terrence. 1997. The symbolic species: The co-evolution of language and the brain. New York & London: Norton.Search in Google Scholar
Enfield, Nicolas. 2009. The anatomy of meaning. Speech, gestures, and composite utterances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511576737Search in Google Scholar
Enfield, Nicolas. 2011. Elements of formulation. In Jürgen Streeck, Charles Goodwin & Curtis LeBaron (eds.), Embodied interaction: Language and body in the material world, 59–66. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Farias, Priscila & João Queiroz. 2006. Images, diagrams, and metaphors: Hypoicons in the context of Peirce’s sixty-six-fold classification of signs. Semiotica 162(1/4). 287–307.10.1515/SEM.2006.081Search in Google Scholar
Farias, Priscila & João Queiroz. 2017. Visualizing triadic relations: Diagrams for Charles S. Peirce’s classifications of signs. Information Design Journal 23(2). 127–147.10.1075/idj.23.2.03farSearch in Google Scholar
Fillmore, Charles J. 1982. Frame semantics. In Linguistic Society of Korea (ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm, 111–137. Seoul: Hanshin.Search in Google Scholar
Fricke, Ellen. 2007. Origo, Geste und Raum – Lokaldeixis im Deutschen [Origo, gesture and space – spatial deixis in German]. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110897746Search in Google Scholar
Fricke, Ellen. 2012. Grammatik multimodal: Wie Wörter und Gesten zusammenwirken [Grammar multimodal: How words and gestures intertwine]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110218893Search in Google Scholar
Gallagher, Shaun. 2005. How the body shapes the mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/0199271941.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Gibbs, Raymond W. 2006. Embodiment and cognitive science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Goldberg, Adele E. 1995. Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Goodwin, Charles. 2011. Contextures of action. In Jürgen Streeck, Charles Goodwin & Curtis LeBaron (eds.), Embodied interaction: Language and the body in the material world, 182–193. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Halton, Eugene. 2004. The living gesture and the signifying moment. Symbolic Interaction 27(1). 89–113.10.1525/si.2004.27.1.89Search in Google Scholar
Haviland, John. 2000. Pointing, gesture spaces, and mental maps. In David McNeill (ed.), Language and gesture, 13–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511620850.003Search in Google Scholar
Jäger, Ludwig & Erika Linz (eds.). 2004. Medialität und Mentalität: Theoretische und empirische Studien zum Verhältnis von Sprache, Subjektivität und Kognition [Mediality and mind: Theoretical and empirical studies on the relation of language, subjectivity, and cognition]. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.Search in Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman. 1987 [1960]. Linguistics and poetics. In Krystyna Pomorska & Stephen Rudy (eds.), Roman Jakobson, language in literature, 62–94. Cambridge & London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman. 1990 [1966]. Quest for the essence of language. In Linda R. Waugh & Monique Monville-Burston (eds.), Roman Jakobson: On language, 407–421. Cambridge & London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, Mark. 1987. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of reason and imagination. Chicago: Chicago University Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226177847.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, Mark. 2007. The meaning of the body: Aesthetics of human understanding. Chicago: Chicago University Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226026992.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Kappelhoff, Hermann & Cornelia Müller. 2011. Embodied meaning construction. Multimodal metaphor and expressive movement in speech, gesture, and in feature film. Metaphor and the Social Word 1(2). 121–153.10.1075/msw.1.2.02kapSearch in Google Scholar
Kendon, Adam. 2004. Gesture: Visible action as utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511807572Search in Google Scholar
Kita, Sotaro (ed.). 2003. Pointing: Where language, culture and cognition meet. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.10.4324/9781410607744Search in Google Scholar
Klee, Paul. 1986. Pedagogical sketchbook. London: Faber and Faber.Search in Google Scholar
Koch, Sabine C., Stefanie Glawe & Daniel V. Holt. 2011. Up and down, front and back: Movement and meaning in the vertical and sagittal axes. Social Psychology 42(3). 215–224.10.1027/1864-9335/a000065Search in Google Scholar
Kockelman, Paul. 2005. The semiotic stance. Semiotica 157(1/4). 233–304.10.1515/semi.2005.2005.157.1-4.233Search in Google Scholar
Krois, John M., Mats Rosengren, Angela Steidele & Dirk Westerkamp (eds.). 2007. Embodiment in cognition and culture. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/aicr.71Search in Google Scholar
Ladewig, Silva H. 2014. Recurrent gestures. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Jana Bressem (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1558–1574. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Levin, Kasper. 2016. Aesthetic movements of embodied minds: Between Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze. Continental Philosophy Review 49(2). 181–202.10.1007/s11007-016-9376-2Search in Google Scholar
Liddell, Scott. 2003. Grammar, gesture and meaning in American Sign Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615054Search in Google Scholar
Liszka, James J. 1996. A general introduction to the semiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar
McNeill, David. 1992. Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
McNeill, David. 2005. Gesture and thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226514642.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1962. Phenomenology of perception. New York: Humanities Press.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2006. Metaphor and metonymy in language and gesture: Discourse evidence for multimodal models of grammar. Ann Arbor, MI: Cornell University dissertation.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2008. Peircean semiotics meets conceptual metaphor: Iconic modes in gestural representations of grammar. In Alan Cienki & Cornelia Müller (eds.), Metaphor and gesture, 115–154. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/gs.3.08mitSearch in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2010a. Interne und externe Metonymie: Jakobsonsche Kontiguitätsbeziehungen in redebegleitenden Gesten [Internal and external metonymy: Jakobsonian contiguity relations in co-speech gestures]. Sprache und Literatur 41(1). 112–143.10.1163/25890859-041-01-90000007Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2010b. Geometric and image-schematic patterns in gesture space. In Vyvyan Evans & Paul Chilton (eds.), Language, cognition, and space: The state of the art and new directions, 351–385. London: Equinox.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2011. Focus on form: Reflections on the (neuro-) aesthetics of abstraction in painting and gesture. In Karin Herrmann (ed.), Neuroästhetik: Perspektiven auf ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet, 110–120. Kassel: Kassel University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2013a. The exbodied mind: Cognitive-semiotic principles as motivating forces in gesture. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 750–779. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2013b. Balancing acts: Image schemas and force dynamics as experiential essence in pictures by Paul Klee and their gestural enactments. In Mike Borkent, Barbara Dancygier & Jennifer Hinnell (eds.), Language and the creative mind, 325–346. Stanford: CSLI.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2017a. Experiencing and construing spatial artifacts from within: Simulated artifact immersion as a multimodal viewpoint strategy. Cognitive Linguistics 28(3). 381–415.10.1515/cog-2016-0124Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2017b. Embodied frames and scenes: Body-based metonymy and pragmatic inferencing in gesture. Gesture 16(2). 203–244.10.1075/gest.16.2.03mitSearch in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2018. Gestures as image schemas and force gestalts: A dynamic-systems approach augmented with motion-capture data analyses. Cognitive Semiotics 11(1). DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2018-000210.1515/cogsem-2018-0002Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene. 2019. Visuo-kinetic signs are inherently metonymic: How embodied metonymy motivates forms, functions, and schematic patterns in gesture. Research topic “Visual Language,” Frontiers in Psychology.10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00254Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene, Thomas H. Schmitz & Hannah Groninger. 2017. Operative manufacts: Gestures as embodied sketches in the early stages of the design process. In Sabine Ammon & Remei Capdevila-Werning (eds.), The active image: Architecture and engineering in the age of modeling, 99–131. Berlin & New York: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-56466-1_5Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene & Daniel Schüller. 2016. Kulturwissenschaftliche Orientierung in der Gestenforschung [Taking a cultural studies orientation in gesture research]. In Ludwig Jäger, Werner Holly, Peter Krapp & Samuel Weber (eds.), Language – Culture – Communication: An international handbook of linguistics as cultural study, 871–884. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110224504-091Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene & Linda R. Waugh. 2009. Metonymy first, metaphor second: A cognitive-semiotic approach to multimodal figures of thought in co-speech gesture. In Charles Forceville & Eduardo Urios-Aparisi (eds.), Multimodal metaphor, 329–356. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Mittelberg, Irene & Linda R. Waugh. 2014. Gestures and metonymy. In Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Jana Bressem (eds.), Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, 1747–1766. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia. 1998. Redebegleitende Gesten. Kulturgeschichte – Theorie – Sprachvergleich [Co-speech gestures: Cultural history – theory – cross-linguistic insights]. Berlin: Berlin Verlag.Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia. 2010. Wie Gesten bedeuten. Eine kognitiv-linguistische und sequenzanalytische Perspektive [How gestures mean: A cognitive linguistic and sequence-analytical perspective]. Sprache und Literatur 41(1). 37–68.10.1163/25890859-041-01-90000004Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia. 2017. How recurrent gestures mean: Conventionalized contexts of use and embodied motivation. Gesture 16(2). 277–304.10.1075/gest.16.2.05mulSearch in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Jana Bressem (eds.). 2014. Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 2. Berlin & Boston: Mouton De Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Müller, Cornelia, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf (eds.). 2013. Body-language-communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Nöth, Winfried. 2016. Habits, habit of change, and the habit of habit change according to Peirce. In Donna West & Myrdene Anderson (eds.), Consensus on Peirce’s concept of habit, 35–63. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-45920-2_3Search in Google Scholar
Núñez, Rafael & Eve Sweetser. 2006. With the future behind them: Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the crosslinguistic comparison of spatial construals of time. Cognitive Science 30. 401–450.10.1207/s15516709cog0000_62Search in Google Scholar
Oehler, Klaus. 1987. An outline of Peirce’s semiotics. In Martin Krampen, Klaus Oehler, Roland Posner, Thomas A. Sebeok & Thure von Uexküll (eds.), Classics of semiotics, 1–21. New York: Plenum Press.10.1007/978-1-4757-9700-8Search in Google Scholar
Pape, Helmut. 1990. Charles S. Peirce on objects of thought and representation. Noûs 24(3). 375–395.10.2307/2215771Search in Google Scholar
Pape, Helmut. 2015. Charles S. Peirce zur Einführung, 2nd. Hamburg: Junius.Search in Google Scholar
Parrill, Fey. 2009. Dual viewpoint gestures. Gesture 9(3). 271–289.10.1075/gest.9.3.01parSearch in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles & Lady Victoria Welby. 1977. Semiotic and significs, Charles S. Hardwick (ed.). Bloomington: Indianapolis University Press. [Reference to this work will be designated SS followed by page number.].Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. 1931–1966. The collected papers of Charles S. Peirce, Vol. 8, C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss & A. W. Burks (eds.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [Reference to Peirce’s papers will be designated CP followed by volume and paragraph number.].Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. 1992. Essential Peirce: Selected philosophical writings, Vol. 1 (1867–1893), N. Houser & C. Kloesel (eds.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. [Reference to vol. 1 of Essential Peirce will be designated EP 1.].Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. 1998. Essential Peirce: Selected philosophical writings, Vol. 2 (1893–1913), Peirce Edition Project (eds.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. [Reference to vol. 2 of Essential Peirce will be designated EP 2.].Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1955. Philosophical writings of Peirce, Justus Buchler (ed.). New York: Dover.Search in Google Scholar
Potter, Vincent. 1967. Charles S. Peirce. On norms & ideals. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.Search in Google Scholar
Rekittke, Linn-Marlen, Irene Mittelberg & Dhana Wolf. 2015. How sound moves the body: Felt qualities of experience in gestural enactments of film sound. In Proceedings of the 3rd Gesture and Speech in Interaction (GESPIN) Conference, Nantes.Search in Google Scholar
Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1986. Cours de linguistique générale de Ferndinand de Saussure, Charles Bally, Albert Sechehaye & Tuillo De Mauro (eds.). Paris: Payot.Search in Google Scholar
Schüller, Daniel & Irene Mittelberg. 2016. Diagramme von Gesten. Eine zeichentheoretische Analyse digitaler Bewegungsspuren [Diagrams of gestures: A semiotic analysis of digital motion traces]. Zeitschrift Für Semiotik 38(3–4). 3–32.Search in Google Scholar
Shapiro, Michael. 1983. The sense of grammar: Language as semeiotic. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sonesson, Göran. 2007. The extensions of man revisited: From primary to tertiary embodiment. In John M. Krois, Mats Rosengren, Angela Steidele & Dirk Westerkamp (eds.), Embodiment in cognition and culture, 27–53. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/aicr.71.05sonSearch in Google Scholar
Sonesson, Göran. 2013. The natural history of branching: Approaches to the phenomenology of firstness, secondness, and thirdness. Signs and Society 1(2). 297–325.10.1086/673251Search in Google Scholar
Sonesson, Göran. 2016. Thirdness as the observer observed: From habit to law by way of habitus. In Donna West & Myrdene Anderson (eds.), Consensus on Peirce’s concept of habit, 283–296. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-45920-2_16Search in Google Scholar
Stjernfelt, Frederik. 2007. Diagrammatology: An investigation on the borderlines of phenomenology, ontology, and semiotics. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4020-5652-9Search in Google Scholar
Stjernfelt, Frederik. 2014. Natural propositions: The actuality of Peirce’s doctrine of dicisigns. Boston: Docent Press.10.1007/s11229-014-0406-5Search in Google Scholar
Stjernfelt, Frederik. 2016. Dicisigns and habits: Implicit propositions and habit-taking in Peirce’s pragmatism. In Donna West & Myrdene Anderson (eds.), Consensus on Peirce’s concept of habit, 241–262. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-45920-2_14Search in Google Scholar
Streeck, Jürgen. 2009. Gesturecraft: The manu-facture of meaning. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/gs.2Search in Google Scholar
Streeck, Jürgen, Charles Goodwin & Curtis LeBaron (eds.). 2011. Embodied interaction: Language and the body in the material world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sweetser, Eve. 2007. Looking at space to study mental spaces: Co-speech gesture as a crucial data source in cognitive linguistics. In Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Irene Mittelberg, Seana Coulson & Michael Spivey (eds.), Methods in cognitive linguistics, 201–224. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/hcp.18.15sweSearch in Google Scholar
Sweetser, Eve. 2012. Introduction: Viewpoint and perspective in language and gesture, from the ground down. In Barbara Dancygier & Eve E. Sweetser (eds.), Viewpoint in language: A multimodal perspective, 1–22. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139084727Search in Google Scholar
Talmy, Leonard. 1988. Force dynamics in language and cognition. Cognitive Science 12(1). 49–100.10.1207/s15516709cog1201_2Search in Google Scholar
Vygotsky, Lev. 1962. Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.1037/11193-000Search in Google Scholar
Waugh, Linda R. 1976. Roman Jakobson’s science of language. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press.Search in Google Scholar
Waugh, Linda R. 1985. The poetic function and the nature of language. Poetics Today 2. 57–82.10.2307/1772352Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna E. & Myrdene Anderson (eds.). 2016. Consensus on Peirce’s concept of habit: Before and beyond consciousness. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-45920-2Search in Google Scholar
Wolf, Dhana, Irene Mittelberg, Linn-Marlen Rekittke, Saurabh Bhavsar, Mikhail Zvyagintsev, Annina Haeck, Fengyu Cong, Martin Klasen & Mathiak Klaus. 2018. Interpretation of social interactions: Functional imaging of cognitive-semiotic categories during naturalistic viewing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.0029610.3389/fnhum.2018.00296Search in Google Scholar
Wolf, Dhana, Linn-Marlen Rekittke, Irene Mittelberg, Martin Klasen & Klaus Mathiak. 2017. Perceived conventionality in co-speech gestures involves the fronto-temporal language network. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.0057310.3389/fnhum.2017.00573Search in Google Scholar
Zima, Elisabeth & Alexander Bergs (eds.). 2017. Toward a multimodal construction grammar. Special issue. Linguistics Vanguard 3(s1).10.1515/lingvan-2016-1006Search in Google Scholar
Zlatev, Jordan. 2005. What’s in a schema? Bodily mimesis and the grounding of language. In Beate Hampe (ed.), From perception to meaning: Image schemas in cognitive linguistics, 313–342. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110197532.4.313Search in Google Scholar
Zlatev, Jordan. 2014. Image schemas, mimetic schemas, and children’s gestures. Cognitive Semiotics 7(1). 3–29.10.1515/cogsem-2014-0002Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
