Abstract
Self-powered energy management circuits make energy harvesting converters more efficient and more reliable. This paper presents an improvement of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique applied on a Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI) technique for piezoelectric vibration converters. The aims are to detect the unstable vibrational state, optimize the output voltage and maximize the output power of the piezoelectric transducer.
First, the P-SSHI technique is implemented without an MPPT technique. Then, an MPPT technique based on Fractional Open Circuit (FOC) voltage method is implemented. An improvement of the FOC method is proposed to enhance the capability of the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (PEH) system. The comparison between different simulation results shows that by using the same input parameters, the maximum efficiency for the PEH system based on the P-SSHI technique implemented without MPPT is 8.82 % whereas the maximum efficiency of the system based on the (FOC) voltage MPPT method is 13.77 %. A significant improvement of the PEH system is obtained by using the modified (FOC) method, where the efficiency reached 24.59 %.
Zusammenfassung
Selbstversorgende Energiemanagementschaltungen machen Energiegewinnungsumrichter effizienter und zuverlässiger. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Verbesserung der „Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)“-Technik vor, die auf eine „Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI)“-Technik angewendet wird. Ziel ist es, einen instabilen Schwingungszustand eines piezoelektrischen Wandlers zu erkennen, die Ausgangsspannung zu optimieren und dadurch die Ausgangsleistung zu maximieren.
Zunächst wurde die P-SSHI-Technik ohne MPPT-Controller implementiert. Danach wurde eine Implementierung der „Fractional Open Circuit (FOC) Voltage-MPPT“-Methode durchgeführt. Dann wurde eine modifizierte FOC-Methode vorgeschlagen, um die Leistungsfähigkeit des „Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (PEH)“-Systems zu verbessern. Der Vergleich verschiedener Simulationsergebnisse zeigt, dass bei Verwendung der gleichen Eingangsparameter der maximale Wirkungsgrad für das PEH-System auf Basis der ohne MPPT implementierten P-SSHI-Technik 8,82 % beträgt, während der maximale Wirkungsgrad des Systems auf Basis der FOC-Spannungs-MPPT-Methode 13,77 % beträgt. Eine signifikante Verbesserung des PEH-Systems wurde durch den Einsatz der modifizierten FOC-Methode nachgewiesen, wobei der Wirkungsgrad 24,59 % erreichte.
About the authors
Manel Zouari is an electrical engineer specialized in industrial computer science. She studied electrical engineering at the National Engineering School of Sfax, Tunisia from 2013 to 2016. She received the M.S. degree in embedded system from the National Engineering School of Sfax in December 2016. She did her master project at Technische Universität Chemnitz in the field of energy management for piezoelectric converters. Her research interests are embedded systems and energy management.
Slim Naifar studied mechanical engineering at the National Engineering School of Sfax, Tunisia, from 2009 to 2012, where he specialized in the field of material science and structures. In 2013, he received the M.S. degree in robotics from the National Engineering School of Sfax in cooperation with Rice University in Texas, USA. Currently, he is a PhD student at Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany. Since 2014, he has been employed as research assistant at Technische Universität Chemnitz. His research interests include vibration energy harvesting, energy autonomous systems and dynamics of nonlinear structures.
Ghada Bouattour received her diploma in electrical engineering in 2014 and the master degree in 2015 from the national school of engineers of Sfax, Tunisia. Since 2015, she pursues the PhD degree in electrical engineering in cooperation between the University of Sfax in Tunisia and Technische Universität Chemnitz in Germany. Her research focus is on wireless power transmission via inductive link.
Nabil Derbel is a full professor for control and Energy Management laboratory at National Engineering School of Sfax, Tunisia. His main research fields are: optimal control, complex systems, fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms. He received his PhD degree from Control and Analyze of Systems laboratory in Toulouse, France (1989). He has published more than 100 journal papers and more than 300 conference papers.
Olfa Kanoun is a full professor for measurement and sensor technology at Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany. She studied electrical engineering and information technology at the Technical University in Munich from 1989 to 1996, where she specialized in the field of electronics. Prof. Kanoun was awarded in 2001 by the Commission of Professors in Measurement Technology (AHMT e. V.) in Germany. In 2016 she has been appointed as Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society. In her research, she focuses on sensors, measurement systems and measurement methods. She has a deep experience on impedance spectroscopy, energy harvesting and nanocomposite sensors. She edited a. o. 14 Books, 105 contributions to scientific journals, 330 Conference contributions and 6 journal special issues.
References
1. Kong, Na, and Dong Sam Ha. “Low-power design of a self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting system with maximum power point tracking.” IEEE Transactions on power electronics 27.5 (2012): 2298–2308.10.1109/TPEL.2011.2172960Search in Google Scholar
2. Pinna, Luigi, et al. “Analysis of self-powered vibration-based energy scavenging system.” Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2010.10.1109/ISIE.2010.5637866Search in Google Scholar
3. Shim, Minseob, et al. “Self-Powered 30 µW to 10 mW Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System With 9.09 ms/V Maximum Power Point Tracking Time.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 50.10 (2015): 2367–2379.10.1109/JSSC.2015.2456880Search in Google Scholar
4. Kawai, Naoki, Yukito Kushino, and Hirotaka Koizumi. “MPPT controled piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit using synchronized switch harvesting on inductor.” Industrial Electronics Society IECON, 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE. IEEE, 2015.10.1109/IECON.2015.7392250Search in Google Scholar
5. Naifar, Slim, Sonia Bradai, Thomas Keutel, and Olfa Kanoun. “Design of a vibration energy harvester by twin lateral magnetoelectric transducers.” Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International. IEEE, 2014.10.1109/I2MTC.2014.6860925Search in Google Scholar
6. Nechibvute, Action, et al. “Piezoelectric energy harvesting using synchronized switching techniques.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2.6 (2012): 936–946.Search in Google Scholar
7. Liang, Junrui, and Wei-Hsin Liao. “Improved design and analysis of self-powered synchronized switch interface circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59.4 (2012): 1950–1960.10.1109/TIE.2011.2167116Search in Google Scholar
8. Pang, S., J. Kan, and W. Li. “An improved self-powered P-SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting.” Journal of Computational Information Systems 11.9 (2015): 3203–3215.Search in Google Scholar
9. Chermitti, Ali, Omar Boukli-Hacene, and Samir Mouhadjer. “Design of a library of components for autonomous photovoltaic system under matlab/simulink.” International Journal of Computer Applications 53.14 (2012).10.5120/8488-2434Search in Google Scholar
10. Atallah, Ahmed M., Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Raihan S. Jumaah. “Implementation of perturb and observe MPPT of PV system with direct control method using buck and buck-boost converters.” Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering: An international Journal (EEIEJ) 1.1 (2014): 31–44.Search in Google Scholar
11. Chen, Shin-Hao, et al. “A Direct AC–DC and DC–DC Cross-Source Energy Harvesting Circuit with Analog Iterating-Based MPPT Technique with 72.5 % Conversion Efficiency and 94.6 % Tracking Efficiency.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31.8 (2016): 5885–5899.10.1109/TPEL.2015.2489922Search in Google Scholar
12. Das, Bikram, et al. “New perturb and observe MPPT algorithm and its validation using data from PV module.” International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology 4.1 (2012): 579–591.Search in Google Scholar
13. Patel, UmaShankar, Ms Dhaneshwari Sahu, and Deepkiran Tirkey. “Maximum power point tracking using perturb & observe algorithm and compare with another algorithm.” International Journal of Digital Application & Contemporary Research 2.2 (2013).Search in Google Scholar
14. Zouari, Manel, et al. “An optimized self-powered P-SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting.” Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2017 IEEE International. IEEE, 2017.10.1109/I2MTC.2017.7969755Search in Google Scholar
15. Ramadass, Yogesh K., and Anantha P. Chandrakasan. “An efficient piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit using a bias-flip rectifier and shared inductor.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 45.1 (2010): 189–204.10.1109/JSSC.2009.2034442Search in Google Scholar
16. Sankman, Joseph, and Dongsheng Ma. “A subthreshold digital maximum power point tracker for micropower piezoelectric energy harvesting applications.” VLSI and System-on-Chip (VLSI-SoC), 2011 IEEE/IFIP 19th International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.10.1109/VLSISoC.2011.6081610Search in Google Scholar
17. Miribel-Catala, P., et al. “Self-powered adaptive circuit sampling for a piezoelectric harvester.” Design of Circuits and Integrated Circuits (DCIS), 2014 Conference on. IEEE, 2014.10.1109/DCIS.2014.7035581Search in Google Scholar
18. Spies, Peter, Markus Pollak, and Loreto Mateu, eds. Handbook of energy harvesting power supplies and applications. CRC Press, 2015.10.1201/b18523Search in Google Scholar
19. Do, Xuan-Dien, Seok-Kyun Han, and Sang-Gug Lee. “Optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems by using a MPPT method.” Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2014 IEEE Fifth International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.10.1109/CCE.2014.6916720Search in Google Scholar
20. Hasaneen, B. M., and Adel A. Elbaset Mohammed. “Design and simulation of DC/DC boost converter.” Power System Conference, 2008. MEPCON 2008. 12th International Middle-East. IEEE, 2008.10.1109/MEPCON.2008.4562340Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
