Abstract
In Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) the misalignment between sending and receiving coils is critical and significantly influences both transfer efficiency and charging time. It can be compensated by the use of multiple coils on the sender side. However, by increasing the number of sending coils, the supply circuit becomes big, complex and not easy to control.
In this paper, we propose a compact and efficient supply circuit for multi-coil IPT systems, which activates only the coil under the receiving coil. The receiver detection is based on a compact passive peak voltage detector measuring the sending coil voltage variation. The receiver coil position determination is supported by measurements of the sending coil neighbours voltages, so that a stable power transfer to battery-free wireless sensor nodes can be realized. The investigation of the influence of the type, the shape, and the size of conductive materials between sender and receiver shows that the system can distinguish between the receiver coil and different metallic objects such as iron, coins, and copper.
Zusammenfassung
Bei der induktiven Energieübertragung (IPT) ist die Fehlausrichtung zwischen Sende- und Empfangsspulen kritisch und beeinflusst sowohl die Übertragungseffizienz als auch die Ladezeit erheblich. Sie kann durch den Einsatz mehrerer Spulen auf der Senderseite kompensiert werden. Mit zunehmender Anzahl von Sendespulen wird der Versorgungsschaltkreis auf der Sendeseite jedoch groß, komplex und im Vergleich zur Größe der Sendespule nicht einfach zu kontrollieren.
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit einer kompakten und effizienten Versorgungsschaltung für IPT-Systeme mit mehreren Spulen, die nur die Spule unter der Empfangsspule aktiviert. Die Empfängererkennung basiert auf einem kompakten passiven Spitzenspannungsdetektor, der die Spannungsschwankungen der Sendespule misst. Die Positionsbestimmung der Empfängerspule wird durch Messungen der Nachbarspannungen der Sendespule unterstützt, sodass eine stabile Energieübertragung zu batterielosen drahtlosen Sensorknoten realisiert werden kann. Die Untersuchung des Einflusses des Typs, der Form und der Größe der leitenden Materialien zwischen Sender und Empfänger zeigt, dass das System zwischen der Empfängerspule und verschiedenen metallischen Objekten wie z. B. Eisen, Münzen und Kupfer unterscheiden kann.
Funding source: AiF Projekt
Award Identifier / Grant number: ZF4075906SO9
Funding statement: Research grant AIF-ZIM (Project Number ZF4075906SO9). http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100018329.
About the authors
Dr.-Ing. Ghada Bouattour is a researcher at the chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology since 2021. She received her bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering and her master’s degree in embedded systems from the National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Tunisia, in 2014 and 2015, respectively. She received her PhD in Electrical Engineering from Chemnitz University of technology (TUC), Germany. She works on Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting for a variety of applications in industrial and environmental fields and received several best paper awards for scientific contributions in this field.
Dr.-Ing. Bilel Kallel currently works as a process planning engineer at Kromberg & Schubert Automotive GmbH. He received his Bachelor degree in Electro-mechanical Engineering and his Master degree in Robotics from the National engineering school of Sfax (ENIS), Tunisia, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In December 2018, he received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Chemnitz University of technology (TUC), Germany. He is the co-founder and the former chairman (2014–2016) of IEEE TUC Student Branch. His research interests include wireless power transmission, Electro-magnetic field and mutual inductance of inductive systems in case of large air-gap and lateral misalignment.
Dr. Christian Viehweger is the leader of the work group on energy autonomous sensors and wireless sensor systems at the chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. Since 2017, he is a postdoc researcher at the chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. Together with his team, he works on Energy Harvesting, low power communication technologies and system design of wireless sensor nodes for a variety of applications in industrial and environmental environments. He led two research groups for young scientists and several research projects in cooperation with industry, within the field of autonomous sensor systems.
Olfa Kanoun graduated in electrical engineering and information technology from the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, in 1996. She carried out her Ph. D. until 2001 at the Institute of Measurement and Automation Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Munich. From 2001–2006 she initiated the working group on impedance spectroscopy. Since 2007, she has been a full professor in measurement and sensor technology with the Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany. Her research interests include impedance spectroscopy, sensors based on carbonaceous nanomaterials, and energy aware wireless sensors. She received seven best paper awards of international conferences. She published more than 500 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, book chapters, and international conferences.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action and AIF for funding the project WearTrack within the Central Innovation Program for SMEs (ZIM).
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